Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers and Future Decline in Cognitive Normal Older Adults.

Background: Identifying older adults at risk of cognitive decline represents a challenge as Alzheimer's disease (AD) modifying therapies move toward preclinical stages.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between AD biomarkers and subsequent change in cognition in a cohort of cognitively intact older adults.

Methods: 84 cognitively normal subjects (mean age 72.

Visual causal models enhance clinical explanations of treatments for generalized anxiety disorder.

A daily challenge in clinical practice is to adequately explain disorders and treatments to patients of varying levels of literacy in a time-limited situation. Drawing jointly upon research on causal reasoning and multimodal theory, the authors asked whether adding visual causal models to clinical explanations promotes patient learning. Participants were 86 people currently or formerly diagnosed with a mood disorder and 104 lay people in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, who were randomly assigned to receive either a visual causal model (dual-mode) presentation or auditory-only presentation of an explanation about generalized anxiety disorder and its treatment.