Handheld optical coherence tomography during sedation in young children with optic pathway gliomas.

Importance: Monitoring young children with optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) for visual deterioration can be difficult owing to age-related noncompliance. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness have been proposed as a surrogate marker of vision but this technique is also limited by patient cooperation.

Objective: To determine whether measures of circumpapillary RNFL thickness, acquired with handheld OCT (HH-OCT) during sedation, can differentiate between young children with and without vision loss from OPGs.

Visual outcomes in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and orbitotemporal plexiform neurofibromas.

Purpose: To describe the visual outcomes and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and orbitotemporal plexiform neurofibromas.

Design: Multicenter retrospective case series.

Methods: Two institutions with dedicated NF1 clinical research programs queried their established clinical databases for children with orbitotemporal plexiform neurofibromas.

Rifabutin-associated hypopyon uveitis and retinal vasculitis with a history of acute myeloid leukemia.

Purpose: This study reports a case of bilateral rifabutin-associated uveitis in a child with a history of acute myeloid leukemia.

Methods: We utilized a clinical case description and brief discussion.

Results: A 17-year-old girl presented with acute bilateral anterior uveitis, a hypopyon in the left eye, and moderate bilateral vitritis.

Pediatric sickle cell retinopathy: correlation with clinical factors.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) occurs in 1 of every 500 African American births and 1 of every 36,000 Hispanic American births. Of children with SCD, 16.7% to 96.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the analysis of pediatric orbital tumors: utility of diffusion-weighted imaging.

Purpose: To identify common radiographic features of pediatric orbital tumors by the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), fat saturated T2, and pre- and postgadolinium T1. DWI is hypothesized to help identify and predict the malignancy of specific brain tumors. To our knowledge, a similar analysis in which the authors have used this combination of MRI techniques has not been performed with orbital tumors.

Advances in evaluation and management of pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Purpose Of Review: Although the demographics of pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension have been well described, the best approaches to its management are less well defined. Recent advances in evaluation of optic nerve status make it easier to determine when and if more aggressive intervention is required. Medical and surgical approaches are discussed.

Optical coherence tomography applications in pediatric ophthalmology.

In pediatric ophthalmology, test results may be limited by a child's ability to cooperate. Invasive and contact methods such as applanation tonometry, ultrasound biometry, and pachymetry are sometimes difficult to perform. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a widely used noncontact method to obtain cross-sections of various ocular structures.

Application of new ophthalmic technology in the pediatric patient.

Purpose Of Review: The present review will summarize briefly the recent advances in diagnostic tools, surgical techniques, and ophthalmic medications as they relate to the pediatric patient. The review will highlight results from studies that have investigated these new technologies and techniques.

Recent Findings: In the past several years there has been a plethora of literature on the application of new technologies and surgical techniques in children.

Steroid-induced glaucoma in an infant.

A 3-week-old infant developed buphthalmos and glaucoma after a 1-week course of topical steroid drops. The glaucoma resolved after cessation of the medication. This report underscores the sensitivity of infants and very young children to steroid-related intraocular pressure rises.

Norrie disease gene sequence variants in an ethnically diverse population with retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of visual loss in the pediatric population. Mutations in the Norrie disease gene (NDP) are associated with heritable retinal vascular disorders, and have been found in a small subset of patients with severe retinopathy of prematurity. Varying rates of progression to threshold disease in different races may have a genetic basis, as recent studies suggest that the incidence of NDP mutations may vary in different groups.

Childhood esotropia.

Purpose: To review the most recent studies on childhood esotropia, and to summarize recent changes in treatment approach.

Recent Findings: Constant, large-angle esotropia present in the first few months of life may be suitable for early surgery. Earlier surgical intervention, within the first several months of onset, is associated with better sensory outcomes.

Retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose Of Review: This review highlights recent advances in basic science and clinical research on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Recent Findings: The modern concept of ROP pathophysiology is discussed, as are studies investigating anti-angiogenic agents for treatment. Results of the largest clinical trials are summarized.

Vitreous hemorrhage in patients with high-risk retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To investigate outcomes in premature infants with high-risk retinopathy of prematurity and secondary vitreous hemorrhage.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Methods: Patients were selected from a database of infants undergoing retinopathy of prematurity screening from September 1997 to November 1999.

Clinical features predictive of successfully weaning from spectacles those children with accommodative esotropia.

Purpose: It has been reported that most children with accommodative esotropia are not able to discontinue spectacle wear as they become older. We conducted a prospective study to determine which factors are predictive of successfully weaning children from spectacles.

Methods: Beginning in 1995, children with fully accommodative esotropia with a baseline refractive error of + 1.