A randomized controlled trial of local heat therapy versus intravenous sodium stibogluconate for the treatment of cutaneous Leishmania major infection.

Background: Cutaneous Leishmania major has affected many travelers including military personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan. Optimal treatment for this localized infection has not been defined, but interestingly the parasite is thermosensitive.

Methodology/principal Findings: Participants with parasitologically confirmed L.

The effect of intranasal administration of remifentanil on intubating conditions and airway response after sevoflurane induction of anesthesia in children.

Background: Intubation without the use of muscle relaxants in children is frequently done before IV access is secured. In this randomized controlled trial, we compared intubating conditions and airway response to intubation (coughing and/or movement) after sevoflurane induction in children at 2 and 3 min after the administration of intranasal remifentanil (4 mcg/kg) or saline.

Methods: One hundred eighty-eight children, 1-7-yr old, were studied.

Rapid emergence does not explain agitation following sevoflurane anaesthesia in infants and children: a comparison with propofol.

Background: Emergence agitation in children is frequently associated with the use of the new highly insoluble volatile anaesthetics. Rapid emergence has been cited as one of the possible causes. Propofol also permits rapid emergence from general anaesthesia but is not associated with agitation.

The effect of fentanyl on the emergence characteristics after desflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia in children.

Unlabelled: Desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia are associated with emergence agitation in children. In this study, we examined the effect of a single intraoperative dose of fentanyl on emergence characteristics in children undergoing adenoidectomy. One hundred children, 2-7 yr old, were randomly assigned to receive desflurane or sevoflurane for maintenance of general anesthesia after an inhaled induction with sevoflurane and a 2.

A comparison of three doses of a commercially prepared oral midazolam syrup in children.

Unlabelled: Midazolam is widely used as a preanesthetic medication for children. Prior studies have used extemporaneous formulations to disguise the bitter taste of IV midazolam and to improve patient acceptance, but with unknown bioavailability. In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study we examined the efficacy, safety, and taste acceptability of three doses (0.