Comparison of Cirrus spectral domain OCT with disc-macula distance to disc diameter ratio in diagnosing congenital optic nerve hypoplasia.

Purpose: Diagnosis of congenital optic nerve hypoplasia (CONH) can be challenging in children or uncooperative individuals. Misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment; thus, it is important to identify an objective and reliable measurement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a valid test for diagnosing CONH by comparing it to the disc-macula distance to disc diameter (DM:DD) ratio.

Contrast sensitivity of amblyopic eyes in children with myopic anisometropia.

Background: Contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in amblyopes has been studied extensively, with few studies on amblyopia associated with myopic anisometropia. The purpose of this study was to investigate CSF of amblyopic eyes in children with myopic anisometropia compared to fellow eyes of the amblyopic children, as well as to control subjects with high myopia but no amblyopia.

Methods: Twenty amblyopic children with myopic anisometropia (range of visual acuity in the amblyopic eye: 6/10 to 6/100) and 16 control subjects with high myopia (< -6.

Comparison of Heidelberg Retina Tomograph with disc-macula distance to disc diameter ratio in diagnosing optic nerve hypoplasia.

Purpose: To evaluate whether Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT) is a valid test for diagnosing congenital optic nerve hypoplasia (CONH) compared to the ratio of the distance between the centre of the optic disc and the centre of the macula and the mean optic disc diameter (DM:DD ratio). Furthermore, to determine the optimal cut-off value of HRT disc area to differentiate a hypoplastic disc from a normal optic disc.

Methods: A total of 33 subjects with CONH (4-67 years old) and 160 normal subjects (5-65 years old) were recruited and underwent comprehensive eye examinations, fundus photography and HRT.

Association of refractive error with optic nerve hypoplasia.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of refractive error with optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH).

Methods: A total of 30 ONH subjects were recruited and underwent comprehensive eye exams. Refractive error data from this group was compared to data from a group of 3232 non-ONH subjects from the same facility.

Effect of Amblyopia Treatment on Macular Thickness in Eyes With Myopic Anisometropic Amblyopia.

Purpose: To determine whether abnormal macular thickness in myopic anisometropic amblyopia differed after amblyopia treatment. Furthermore, to investigate whether effect of treatment on macular thickness was associated with subject age or improvement in stereoacuity.

Methods: Seventeen children (mean age: 9.

A case of amblyopia with contralateral optic nerve hypoplasia.

We describe an unusual case of unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) in a patient with contralateral anisometropic/strabismic amblyopia. A seven-year-old boy presented with visual acuities of 6/12 R and 6/18 L and eccentric fixation in the left eye. Cycloplegic retinoscopy was R +1.

Vision therapy management for dissociated horizontal deviation.

Purpose: Dissociated horizontal deviation (DHD), a rare subtype of strabismus, is a change in horizontal eye alignment that does not obey Hering’s law. The variation is unrelated to a change in accommodation and depends on which eye is fixating. Both esotropia (ET) and exotropia (XT) can manifest in the same patient with DHD.

A prospective pilot study of treatment outcomes for amblyopia associated with myopic anisometropia.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of refractive correction alone and patching treatment with near activities on amblyopia associated with myopic anisometropia in children aged 4 to less than 14 years. The associations of visual acuity (VA) improvement with age,degree of anisometropia, patching compliance, presence of strabismus, and presence of eccentric fixation were also investigated.

Methods: Seventeen amblyopic children were recruited(range of VA in the amblyopic eye, 20/80 to 20/400).

Comparison of fixation disparity measured by saladin card and disparometer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the fixation disparity (FD) measurements taken with the Saladin Near Point Balance Card (Saladin card) to those made with the Sheedy Disparometer, and to determine if the same clinical norms used with the Disparometer can be applied to the newer Saladin card.

Methods: Subjects were 44 optometry students (aged 23 to 34 years) without strabismus, amblyopia, or asthenopia during near work. They were randomized to begin at one of three examiners' stations: dissociated near phoria using Modified Thorington card; FD with Saladin card; and FD with Disparometer.

A prospective study of macular thickness in amblyopic children with unilateral high myopia.

Purpose: To compare macular thickness of the normal fellow eye to that of the amblyopic eye using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in children with unilateral high myopia. Relationships between macular thickness and magnitude of myopic anisometropia, axial length, and visual acuity (VA) were investigated.

Methods: Thirty-one children with a mean age of 9.

A prospective study of different test targets for the near point of convergence.

Purpose: To determine whether different test targets including an accommodative target (AT), a transilluminator (TR), and a transilluminator with a red lens (RL), affect the near point of convergence (NPC) value; and to determine which test target is most sensitive to identify convergence insufficiency (CI) in young adults.

Methods: Subjects were 36 optometry students from the Illinois College of Optometry, including 18 subjects with normal binocular vision (control group) and 18 subjects with CI. None of the subjects had accommodative insufficiency.

Value of the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph in optic nerve hypoplasia.

Purpose: A case of optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is reported to demonstrate the value of the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph II (HRT) in assisting with the diagnosis.

Case Report: An 8-year-old black male was referred to our clinic for evaluation of right esotropia and presumed amblyopia. Best-corrected visual acuities were 20/60 OD (right eye) and 20/25 OS (left eye).

A case of primary congenital glaucoma: a diagnostic dilemma.

Background: Primary congenital glaucoma generally presents with a classic clinical triad of photophobia, blepharospasm, and epiphora caused by the corneal changes that occur secondary to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). The condition typically presents bilaterally and is rarely hereditary. Onset is from age 2 months to 2 to 3 years.

Accommodative and vergence difficulties interfering with image clarity through a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope.

Purpose: This study sought to identify accommodative and vergence deficiencies that could explain why some students have difficulty seeing clearly when using a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope (BIO) containing its standard +2.00 D lenses.

Methods: A survey was distributed to Illinois College of Optometry 3rd- and 4th-year students.

Nearpoint of convergence: test procedure, target selection, and normative data.

Background: The purpose of this study was to help determine the most appropriate target to be used for the assessment of the nearpoint of convergence, normative data for the break and recovery in adults, and the diagnostic value of the red-glass modification and repetition of the nearpoint of convergence.

Methods: A total of 175 subjects with normal binocular vision and 38 subjects with convergence insufficiency were evaluated. The nearpoint of convergence was measured three ways, with an accommodative target, a penlight, and a penlight with red and green glasses.