Comparison of a low carbohydrate intake and standard carbohydrate intake on refeeding hypophosphatemia in children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa: a pilot randomised controlled trial.

Background: Nutritional rehabilitation for patients with anorexia nervosa involves balancing the need for weight gain whilst mitigating the risk of refeeding syndrome. Graded caloric increases and restriction of calories from carbohydrate have been used to minimise the risk of developing refeeding hypophosphatemia. There is little evidence to support the recommended nutrient composition, specifically the recommended carbohydrate intake that is safe in this population.

The effect of the ketogenic diet on the developing skeleton.

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a medically supervised, high fat, low carbohydrate and restricted protein diet which has been used successfully in patients with refractory epilepsy. Only one published report has explored its effect on the skeleton. We postulated that the KD impairs skeletal health parameters in patients on the KD.

Efficacy of the ketogenic diet: which epilepsies respond?

We report the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in refractory epilepsies focusing on outcomes with regard to epilepsy syndromes and etiology in children and adults with refractory epilepsy. Sixty-four consecutive children and four adults were prospectively enrolled from 2002 to 2009; seven were excluded from analysis. The classical ketogenic diet was initiated on an inpatient basis with dietary ratios ranging from 2:1 to 4:1 fat to carbohydrate and protein.