Current Endovascular Treatment Options in Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity across the globe. Over the last few decades, there have been major therapeutic advances in acute PE management, including catheter-based therapy. However, the effectiveness of catheter-based therapy in acute PE is not supported by Level I evidence, making the use of this promising treatment rather controversial and ambiguous.

The Pain Crisis: Interventional Radiology's Role in Pain Management.

Pain is a complex syndrome that is difficult to treat. The increasing numbers of patients living with chronic diseases has led to increasing pain management needs and the rise of opioid use disorder (OUD) as a major and potentially lethal public health concern. Treatment of chronic pain with prescription opioids alone is not always successful, and a multidisciplinary approach is paramount to address the needs of patients at risk of developing or suffering from OUD.

An analysis of factors associated with increased fluoroscopy time or the need for complex techniques at IVC filter retrieval.

Objectives: To evaluate factors associated with increased fluoroscopy time or the need for complex techniques at IVC filter retrieval.

Methods: This is a single-institution retrospective cohort study of 187 consecutive patients who underwent IVC filter retrieval. An analysis was performed on associations of patient factors with increased fluoroscopy time and/or the need for complex retrieval techniques.

Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration: Neurosurgical Perspective and Literature Review.

Background: Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) occurs because of posterior fossa or brainstem lesions that disrupt the dentato-rubro-olivary tract, well known as the Guillain-Mollaret triangle. Clinical and radiologic hallmarks of this condition are palatal myoclonus and T2 hyperintensity of the inferior olivary complex on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. Because symptomatic HOD can complicate the recovery of patients with posterior fossa or brainstem lesions, the purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical and imaging findings of patients with HOD.

Lipopolysaccharide inhibition of glucose production through the Toll-like receptor-4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, and nuclear factor kappa b pathway.

Unlabelled: Acute exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can cause hypoglycemia and insulin resistance; the underlying mechanisms, however, are unclear. We set out to determine whether insulin resistance is linked to hypoglycemia through Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), a cell signaling pathway that mediates LPS induction of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). LPS induction of hypoglycemia was blocked in TLR4(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) mice but not in TNFalpha(-/-) mice.

Do low levels of circulating adiponectin represent a biomarker or just another risk factor for the metabolic syndrome?

The metabolic syndrome is currently defined by various combinations of insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. The tendency for these risk factors to appear simultaneously suggests a single aetiologic basis. A low level of circulating adiponectin is associated with the appearance of each metabolic syndrome risk factor.