Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Resection of a Congenital Tracheobiliary Fistula in a Neonate: Technical Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Congenital tracheobiliary or bronchobiliary fistulae are rare developmental malformations associated with high morbidity and mortality primarily because of concomitant anomalies as well as delays in diagnosis.

Technical Report: We report a case of a neonate who presented with bilious emesis and progressive respiratory failure requiring bronchoscopy and fluoroscopic bronchography for diagnosis with successful management through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. We also review the published literature on tracheobiliary fistula.

Androgen exposure potentiates formation of intratubular communities and renal abscesses by Escherichia coli.

Females across their lifespan and certain male populations are susceptible to urinary tract infections (UTI). The influence of female vs. male sex on UTI is incompletely understood, in part because preclinical modeling has been performed almost exclusively in female mice.

Mass spectrometric measurement of urinary kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio in children with and without urinary tract infection.

Background: Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzes the first step of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism, yielding kynurenine (Kyn) metabolites. The kynurenine-to-tryptophan (K/T) ratio is used as a surrogate for biological IDO enzyme activity. IDO expression is increased during Escherichia coli urinary tract infection (UTI).

Renal scar formation and kidney function following antibiotic-treated murine pyelonephritis.

We present a new preclinical model to study treatment, resolution and sequelae of severe ascending pyelonephritis. Urinary tract infection (UTI), primarily caused by uropathogenic (UPEC), is a common disease in children. Severe pyelonephritis is the primary cause of acquired renal scarring in childhood, which may eventually lead to hypertension and chronic kidney disease in a small but important fraction of patients.

Inhaled nitric oxide use in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Objective: To describe the use of inhaled nitric oxide (INO) in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods: Pediatric Health Information System data were queried for newborns with CDH admitted at <8 days of age at tertiary care US pediatric hospitals between 2003 and 2011. INO treatment status and timing in relation to CDH repair were determined for each infant.

Effect of surgical subspecialty training on patent ductus arteriosus ligation outcomes.

Purpose: Surgical outcomes data for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation come primarily from single institution case series. The purpose of this study was to evaluate national PDA ligation trends, and to compare outcomes between pediatric general (GEN) and pediatric cardiothoracic (CT) surgeons.

Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System database was queried to identify neonates who underwent PDA ligation from 2006 through 2009.