Postoperative day of surgery ambulation improves outcomes following lung resection: a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Background: The impact of post-surgical same day ambulation in lung resection patients is relatively unstudied. We sought to determine the relationship between day of surgery ambulation and postoperative outcomes after lung resection.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study at one healthcare system with six hospitals (1/2019-3/2023).

PET-CT outcomes from a randomised controlled trial of rosuvastatin as an adjunct to standard tuberculosis treatment.

Adjunctive rosuvastatin for rifampicin-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (rs-PTB) shows no effect on microbiological or radiological outcomes in a phase IIb randomised, controlled trial (NCT04504851). We explore the impact of adjunctive rosuvastatin on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging in a sub-study of 24 participants. Changes in standardised uptake value (SUVmax, SUVmean), Total Metabolic Volume, (TMV), Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG), cavity diameter and volume, between week 0 and week 8 post-randomisation, are evaluated.

Bivalent Omicron BA.1 vaccine booster increases memory B cell breadth and neutralising antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Background: Current literature informs us that bivalent vaccines will generate a broader serum neutralizing antibody response to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, but studies on how this breadth relates to the memory B cell (MBC) and T cell responses are sparse. This study compared breadth of neutralising antibody, and memory B and T cell responses to monovalent or a bivalent ancestral/Omicron BA.1 COVID-19 booster vaccine.

Next-Generation Sequencing Methods for Near-Real-Time Molecular Epidemiology of HIV and HCV.

The World Health Organisation has set targets of reducing the transmission of new hepatitis C (HCV) infections by 90%, and ending human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) as a public health threat, by 2030. To achieve this, efficient and timely viral surveillance, and effective public health interventions, are required. Traditional epidemiological methods are largely dependent on the recognition of incident cases with symptomatic illness; acute HIV and HCV infections are commonly asymptomatic, which may lead to delays in the recognition of such new infections.

Low HIV drug resistance prevalence among recently diagnosed HIV-positive men who have sex with men in a setting of high PrEP use.

Introduction: New South Wales (NSW) has one of the world's highest uptake rates of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This uptake has been credited with sharp declines in HIV transmission, particularly among Australian-born gay and bisexual men. Concerns have been raised around the potential for the emergence of tenofovir (TFV) and XTC (lamivudine/emtricitabine) resistance in settings of high PrEP use.

Generation of Oviductal Glycoprotein 1 Cre Mouse Model for the Study of Secretory Epithelial Cells of the Oviduct.

The epithelial cell lining of the oviduct plays an important role in oocyte pickup, sperm migration, preimplantation embryo development, and embryo transport. The oviduct epithelial cell layer comprises ciliated and nonciliated secretory cells. The ciliary function has been shown to support gamete and embryo movement in the oviduct, yet secretory cell function has not been well characterized.

Decline in corepressor CNOT1 in the pregnant myometrium near term impairs progesterone receptor function and increases contractile gene expression.

Progesterone (P), acting via its nuclear receptor (PR), is critical for pregnancy maintenance by suppressing proinflammatory and contraction-associated protein (CAP)/contractile genes in the myometrium. P/PR partially exerts these effects by tethering to NF-κB bound to their promot-ers, thereby decreasing NF-κB transcriptional activity. However, the underlying mechanisms whereby P/PR interaction blocks proinflammatory and CAP gene expression are not fully understood.

Strict compliance to a thoracic enhanced recovery after surgery protocol is associated with improved outcomes compared with partial compliance: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Benefits of thoracic enhanced recovery after surgery programs have been described. However, there is ongoing discussion on the importance of full protocol compliance. The objective of this study was to determine whether strict adherence to an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol leads to further improvement in outcomes compared with less strict compliance.

Blood brain barrier disruption and glutamatergic excitotoxicity in post-acute sequelae of SARS COV-2 infection cognitive impairment: potential biomarkers and a window into pathogenesis.

Objective: To investigate the association between blood-brain barrier permeability, brain metabolites, microstructural integrity of the white matter, and cognitive impairment (CI) in post-acute sequelae of SARS-COV-2 infection (PASC).

Methods: In this multimodal longitudinal MRI study 14 PASC participants with CI and 10 healthy controls were enrolled. All completed investigations at 3 months following acute infection (3 months ± 2 weeks SD), and 10 PASC participants completed at 12 months ± 2.

Improvement of immune dysregulation in individuals with long COVID at 24-months following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

This study investigates the humoral and cellular immune responses and health-related quality of life measures in individuals with mild to moderate long COVID (LC) compared to age and gender matched recovered COVID-19 controls (MC) over 24 months. LC participants show elevated nucleocapsid IgG levels at 3 months, and higher neutralizing capacity up to 8 months post-infection. Increased spike-specific and nucleocapsid-specific CD4 T cells, PD-1, and TIM-3 expression on CD4 and CD8 T cells were observed at 3 and 8 months, but these differences do not persist at 24 months.

Advances in HIV Gene Therapy.

Early gene therapy studies held great promise for the cure of heritable diseases, but the occurrence of various genotoxic events led to a pause in clinical trials and a more guarded approach to progress. Recent advances in genetic engineering technologies have reignited interest, leading to the approval of the first gene therapy product targeting genetic mutations in 2017. Gene therapy (GT) can be delivered either in vivo or ex vivo.

Anatomic Lung Resection Outcomes After Implementation of a Universal Thoracic ERAS Protocol Across a Diverse Health Care System.

Objective: We sought to evaluate how implementing a thoracic enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol impacted surgical outcomes after elective anatomic lung resection.

Background: The effect of implementing the ERAS Society/European Society of Thoracic Surgery thoracic ERAS protocol on postoperative outcomes throughout an entire health care system has not yet been reported.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study within one health care system (January 2019-March, 2023).

Protocol for the establishment and characterization of an endometrial-derived epithelial organoid and stromal cell co-culture system.

Postnatal development of the uterus involves the specification of undifferentiated epithelium into uterine-type epithelium. That specification is regulated by stromal-epithelial interactions as well as intrinsic cell-specific transcription factors and gene regulatory networks. Here, we present a co-culture system to study the effects of stromal-derived factors on epithelial cell growth and differentiation into organoids.

Mi Gente, Nuestra Salud: Protocol for a People's Movement for Health Ownership.

Background: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an increasingly recognized approach to address health inequities. Although in CBPR all processes occur within the community context, its diagrammatic model places the intervention/research outside of the community rather than conceptualizing it as an event in a complex web of system components.

Objectives: We sought to 1) introduce a systems-oriented community ownership conceptual framework that integrates a systems perspective with CBPR and 2) to describe an application of this framework in the form of the Mi Gente, Nuestra Salud initiative, a research-based, action-oriented collaboration between Cal Poly investigators and community partners in Santa Maria and Guadalupe, California.

Development of Polarity-Reversed Endometrial Epithelial Organoids.

The uterine epithelium is composed of a single layer of hormone responsive polarized epithelial cells that line the lumen and form tubular glands. Endometrial epithelial organoids (EEO) can be generated from uterine epithelia and recapitulate cell composition and hormone responses in vitro. As such, the development of EEO represents a major advance for facilitating mechanistic studies in vitro.

Enantioenriched Allylesters via a Copper-Catalyzed Diene Carboesterification with Alkyltrifluoroborates and Carboxylic Acids.

The rapid synthesis of a range of enantioenriched allylic esters is enabled by a new 3-component catalytic enantioselective 1,2-carboesterification of readily available dienes with carboxylic acids and potassium alkyltrifluoroborates. The chiral copper catalyst, formed in situ from Cu(OTf) and (4,4')-2,2'-(cyclopentane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole), is implicated in both the generation of alkyl radicals from the alkyltrifluoroborates as well as the enantioselective formation of C-O bonds. Potassium salts of primary and secondary alkyltrifluoroborates as well as several benzylic trifluoroborates, -butyltrifluoroborate, and phenyltrifluoroborate participate in the reaction.

Molecular epidemiology to aid virtual elimination of HIV transmission in Australia.

The Global UNAIDS 95/95/95 targets aim to increase the percentage of persons who know their HIV status, receive antiretroviral therapy, and have achieved viral suppression. Achieving these targets requires efforts to improve the public health response to increase access to care for those living with HIV, identify those yet undiagnosed with HIV early, and increase access to prevention for those most at risk of HIV acquisition. HIV infections in Australia are among the lowest globally having recorded significant declines in new diagnoses in the last decade.

Increasing Access to Medical Care for Hispanic Women Without Insurance: A Mobile Clinic Approach.

The purpose of this study was to describe the health status and barriers of people who sought care on a free mobile health clinic for women without insurance in California. Participants were 221 women who attended the Salud para Mujeres (Women's Health) mobile medical clinic between 2019 and 2021. Medical chart abstractions provided data on sociodemographic factors, medical history, barriers to care, depressive symptoms, and dietary factors.

TRIM29 promotes bladder cancer invasion by regulating the intermediate filament network and focal adhesion.

Bladder cancer is a common malignancy whose lethality is determined by invasive potential. We have previously shown that , also known as , is transcriptionally regulated by TP63 in basal bladder cancers where it promotes invasive progression and metastasis, but the molecular events which promote invasion and metastasis downstream of remained poorly understood. Here we identify stimulation of bladder cancer migration as the specific role of TRIM29 during invasion.