Comparative performance of pharmacogenetics-based warfarin dosing algorithms in Chinese population: use of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to explore dosing regimen through clinical trial simulation.

Objective: Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic window and large variability in dosing that are affected by clinical and genetic factors. To help guide the dosing of warfarin, the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium has recommended the use of pharmacogenetic algorithms, such as the ones developed by the International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium (IWPC) and by Gage et al. when genotype information is available.

Record-High Electron Mobility Exceeding 16 cm V s in Bisisoindigo-Based Polymer Semiconductor with a Fully Locked Conjugated Backbone.

Polymer semiconductors with mobilities exceeding 10 cm V s , especially ambipolar and n-type polymer semiconductors, are still rare, although they are of great importance for fabricating polymer field-effect transistors (PFETs) toward commercial high-grade electronics. Herein, two novel donor-acceptor copolymers, PNFFN-DTE and PNFFN-FDTE, are designed and synthesized based on the electron-deficient bisisoindigo (NFFN) and electron-rich dithienylethylenes (DTE or FDTE). The copolymer PNFFN-DTE, containing NFFN and DTE, possesses a partially locked polymeric conjugated backbone, whereas PNFFN-FDTE, containing NFFN and FDTE, has a fully locked one.

Drug development progress in duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive, and incurable X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Patients with DMD have an absence of functional dystrophin protein, which results in chronic damage of muscle fibers during contraction, thus leading to deterioration of muscle quality and loss of muscle mass over time. Although there is currently no cure for DMD, improvements in treatment care and management could delay disease progression and improve quality of life, thereby prolonging life expectancy for these patients.

Effects of Alkyl Side Chains of Small Molecule Donors on Morphology and the Photovoltaic Property of All-Small-Molecule Solar Cells.

Unraveling the relationship between nanoscale morphology of active layers and chemical structures of organic semiconductor photovoltaic materials is crucially important for further advancing the development of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (SM-OSCs). Here, in order to delve into the effect of flexible side chains of small molecule donors on the photovoltaic properties of SM-OSCs, we synthesized two new small molecule donors substituted by different flexible alkyl chains (-octyl chains for SM1-EH and -octyl chains for SM1-Oct). As a result, the two small molecules present different absorption properties, energy levels, and stacking characteristics.

Photoinduced-reset and multilevel storage transistor memories based on antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles floating gate.

Recently, antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles (ATO NPs) have been widely used in the fields of electronics, photonics, photovoltaics, sensing, and other fields because of their good conductivity, easy synthesis, excellent chemical stability, high mechanical strength, good dispersion and low cost. Herein, for the first time, a novel nonvolatile transistor memory device is fabricated using ATO NPs as charge trapping sites to enhance the memory performance. The resulting organic nano-floating gate memory (NFGM) device exhibits outstanding memory properties, including tremendous memory window (∼85 V), superhigh memory on/off ratio (∼10), long data retention (over 10 years) and eminent multilevel storage behavior, which are among the optimal performances in NFGM devices based on organic field effect transistors.

Multilevel storage and photoinduced-reset memory by an inorganic perovskite quantum-dot/polystyrene floating-gate organic transistor.

Inorganic halide perovskite quantum dots (IHP QDs) have been widely studied in optoelectronic devices because of their size-dependent tunable bandgaps, long electron-hole diffusion lengths and excellent absorption properties. Herein, a novel floating-gate organic field-effect transistor memory (FGOFETM) is demonstrated, comprising a floating-gate of IHP QDs embedded in a polystyrene matrix. Notably, the FGOFETM exhibits photoinduced-reset characteristic that allows data removal by photo irradiation.

Well-Balanced Ambipolar Conjugated Polymers Featuring Mild Glass Transition Temperatures Toward High-Performance Flexible Field-Effect Transistors.

Conjugated polymers, which can be fabricated by simple processing techniques and possess excellent electrical performance, are key to the fabrication of flexible polymer field-effect transistors (PFETs) and integrated circuits. Herein, two ambipolar conjugated polymers based on (3E,7E)-3,7-bis(2-oxo-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3(2H)-ylidene)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-2,6(3H,7H)-dione and dithienylbenzothiadiazole units, namely PNBDOPV-DTBT and PNBDOPV-DTF2BT, are developed. Both copolymers possess almost planar conjugated backbone conformations and suitable highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels (-5.

Incorporation of Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) into Carbazole-Benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole Copolymers to Improve Hole Mobility and Photovoltaic Performance.

Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) is a discotic-shaped conjugated molecule with strong π-π stacking property, high intrinsic charge mobility, and good self-assembly properties. For a long time, however, organic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells based on HBC demonstrated low power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). In this study, two conjugated terpolymers, poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5'-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT)-5 HBC and PCDTBT-10 HBC, were synthesized by incorporating different amounts of HBC as the third component into poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5'-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) through Suzuki coupling polymerization.

Alkylphenyl substituted naphthodithiophene: a new building unit with conjugated side chains for semiconducting materials.

In this article, a versatile 2-D conjugated polymer, PNDTP-DPP, containing alkylphenyl substituted naphthodithiophene is synthesized and characterized. PNDTP-DPP exhibits good solubility and crystallinity with a π-π stacking distance of ≈3.7 Å.

Effect of extended π-conjugation structure of donor-acceptor conjugated copolymers on the photoelectronic properties.

New donor-acceptor conjugated copolymers based on alkylthienylbenzodithiophene (BDTT) and alkoxynaphthodithiophene (NDT) have been synthesized and compared with their benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT)-based analogues to investigate the effect of the extended π conjugation of the polymer main chain on the physicochemical properties of the polymers. A systematic investigation into the optical properties, energy levels, field-effect transistor characteristics, and photovoltaic characteristics of these polymers was conducted. Both polymers demonstrated enhanced photovoltaic performance and increased hole mobility compared with the BDT-based analogue.

Phenylpropanoid glycosides and triterpenoid of Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim.

Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim. led to the isolation of one new triterpenoid and two new phenylpropanoid glycosides, along with ten known compounds. Their structures were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR, as well as other spectrum analysis.

[Content analysis of bilirubin in niuhuang compound suppository by HPLC].

Objective: To establish a method of determinating content of bilirubin in Niuhuang Compound Suppository by HPLC.

Method: C18 column was used. The mobile phase was consisted of dimethylsulfoxide: acetonitrile: 0.