MRI of pancreatic tumors.

MRI employing current imaging techniques is able to detect various pancreatic tumors well, and is able to stage and characterize tumors accurately. This review article describes various current MR techniques emphasizing breath hold spoiled gradient echo (SGE) imaging, fat suppression, dynamic gadolinium administration and MR cholangiographic techniques. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are generally low signal intensity on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images and enhance poorly on immediate post gadolinium SGE images.

Small (< 1.5 cm) angiomyolipomas of the kidney: characterization by the combined use of in-phase and fat-attenuated MR techniques.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of in-phase spoiled gradient echo combined with chemically selective fat suppression or out-of-phase spoiled gradient echo MR images to characterize small renal masses as angiomyolipomas. Eleven patients with a total of 35 small (< 1.5 cm) angiomyolipomas underwent MR examination at 1.

Renal cell cancer: incidence of hemorrhage on MR images in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.

This study describes the occurrence of hemorrhage in renal cancer in patients with chronic renal insufficiency as shown on MR images. Thirteen consecutive patients with chronic renal insufficiency who had histologically proven renal cancer and underwent MRI at 1.5 T were entered in the study.

Ampullary carcinoma: demonstration by current MR techniques.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the appearance of ampullary carcinoma using current MR techniques, including fat suppression, gadolinium enhancement, and MR cholangiography. Nine patients with ampullary carcinoma were examined by MRI at 1.5 T.

Small bowel neoplastic disease: demonstration by MRI.

This study demonstrates the appearance of small bowel tumors on MR images. Sixteen patients with tumors involving small bowel were studied by MRI. All tumors were proven with histopathology.

MR imaging of the gallbladder.

Implementation of fast T1- and T2-weighted sequences on state-of-the-art magnetic resonance (MR) imagers increases the potential of MR imaging for examining the gallbladder and permits imaging of both cooperative and acutely ill patients with fewer artifacts. Comprehensive evaluation of gallbladder and biliary tract disease is feasible on new generation MR scanners using MR cholangiographic techniques in combination with tissue imaging sequences (spoiled gradient-echo and fat-suppressed spoiled gradient-echo) and dynamic intravenous gadolinium-chelate administration. Inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the gallbladder are well shown with these techniques.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the inferior vena cava: appearances on contrast-enhanced spiral CT and MRI.

Primary malignant tumors of the inferior vena cava are infrequent. We report a very rare case of primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the inferior vena cava and describe the contrast-enhanced spiral computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

HASTE MR imaging: description of technique and preliminary results in the abdomen.

HASTE (Half fourier Single-shot Turbo spin-Echo) is a single-section T2-weighted sequence that acquires images in less than 1 second. Images are breathing independent and possess a variety of other features useful for imaging the abdomen. The design of this technique is described.

Pancreatic masses with inconclusive findings on spiral CT: is there a role for MRI?

This prospective study evaluates the ability of MRI using T1-weighted fat-suppressed spin-echo (T1FS) and dynamic gadolinium chelate (Gd) enhanced spoiled-gradient echo (SGE) to detect the presence of pancreatic tumor in patients in whom spiral CT findings are inconclusive. Sixteen consecutive patients who underwent spiral CT and had findings that were considered inconclusive for pancreatic tumor underwent MR within 2 weeks of CT. Spiral CT and MR images were interpreted in prospective fashion by separate individual investigators blinded to the results of the other imaging modality.

Clinical evaluation of manual and automatic exposure control techniques in film-based chest radiography.

Chest radiographs obtained with either automatic exposure control (AEC) technique, or manual exposure control (MEC) technique, were compared in a sample of 329 cardiological and cardiosurgery patients. Parameters evaluated, were various anatomical regions, according to their appearance in both posteroanterior (PA) and lateral radiographs. Lateral radiographs obtained with the AEC technique demonstrated better image quality than those obtained with the manual technique.

Renal lymphoma: demonstration by MR imaging.

Objective: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the spectrum of appearances of renal lymphoma using current MR techniques including gadolinium enhancement.

Materials And Methods: Twelve patients with renal lymphoma were examined by MR imaging on a 1.5-T scanner.

Malignant lesions of the liver with high signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images.

Our purpose was to identify the histologic types of malignant liver lesions with high signal intensity (SI) on T1-weighted images and to describe the MR imaging features. Thirteen patients with malignant liver lesions high in SI on T1-weighted images were studied with a 1.5-T MR imager using pre- and serial postcontrast spoiled gradient-echo (SGE) sequences (all patients), T2-weighted fat-suppressed spin-echo sequences (all patients), precontrast T1-weighted fat-suppressed spin-echo sequences (five studies in five patients), and precontrast out-of-phase SGE sequences (seven studies in six patients).

MRI of pancreatic metastases from renal cancer.

Objective: Our goal was to describe the MR features of pancreatic metastases from renal cancer.

Materials And Methods: Five patients with pancreatic metastases from renal cancer were imaged with MR. Imaging was performed on a 1.

MR findings of intestinal graft-versus-host disease.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occurs as a complication of allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The disease is characterized by skin rash, jaundice, mucosal inflammation, and diarrhea. In this report, we describe magnetic resonance (MR) findings of intestinal GVHD, which is correlated with endoscopic biopsy.

Hepatic angiomyolipoma with minimal fat content: MR demonstration.

Hepatic angiomyolipoma is a rare entity. In this report, we describe the unusual MR findings of an angiomyolipoma with minimal fat content with histopathology correlation. This tumor had signal intensity features on various MR sequences including intense heterogeneous enhancement on immediate postgadolinium spoiled gradient echo images that resembled the appearance of a well-differentiated primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Dark ring sign: finding in patients with fungal liver lesions and transfusional hemosiderosis undergoing treatment with antifungal antibiotics.

Objective: To describe the MR appearance of necrotizing fungal granulomas occurring in the liver of leukemic patients with hepatosplenic fungal disease and transfusional hemosiderosis on antifungal antibiotics.

Subjects And Methods: Four patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (n = 2) or acute lymphocytic leukemia (n = 2) who developed hepatosplenic fungal disease, and were treated with antifungal medication, underwent MRI examination on a 1.5 T MR imager.

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver: appearance on contrast enhanced helical CT and dynamic MR images.

The dynamic pre- and post-contrast MRI and helical CT imaging findings in a patient with inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver are described. On immediate post gadolinium spoiled gradient echo images multiple, ill defined, irregular, and intensely enhancing lesions were seen. Rapid washout of contrast was noted.

Splenic aneurysm with arteriovenous fistula. A case report.

Background/aim: Fistulous communication between the splenic artery and the vein is rare. We present one such case.

Patient And Methods: A 50 year old woman was admitted to the hospital complaining of abdominal pain and diarrhea, both unrelated to the meals.

Carcinoma of the pancreatic head area. Diagnostic imaging: magnetic resonance imaging.

MRI using tailored pulse sequences and gadolinium administration on high field systems has a crucial role to play in the investigation of malignant disease of the pancreatic head. Breath hold spoiled gradient echo images after gadolinium administration in the capillary phase of enhancement and fat suppressed images are particularly effective MR techniques. This review highlights specific MRI findings in a spectrum of malignant tumors of the head of the pancreas.

ACTH-secreting islet cell tumor: appearances on dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MRI.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting islet cell tumors of the pancreas are extremely rare. A case of an ACTH producing islet cell tumor with multiple liver metastases is reported and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings are described.

A bleeding renal artery pseudo-aneurysm complicating renal biopsy. Treatment with transcatheter embolization.

We report the treatment of a bleeding renal artery pseudoaneurysm by transcatheter embolization. The patient, a 30 years old woman, developed macroscopic hematuria following renal biopsy. The presence of a leaking pseudoaneurysm of the lower pole segmental artery was confirmed by left selective renal angiogram; subsequently successful transcatheter embolization was performed using a 5.

[Selective transcervical tubal recanalization under DSA].

The results of selective transcervical tubal recanalisation by means of a catheter in 20 patients with tubal occlusions are reported and discussed. The advantages of tubal recanalisation under DSA are stressed. In 18 (90%) of the 20 patients treated, it was possible to recanalize at least one tube.