Classifications of Postradiation Nasopharyngeal Necrosis for Guiding Transnasal Endoscopic Nasopharyngeal Skull Base Surgery.

Objective: Postradiation nasopharyngeal necrosis (PRNN) is a severe postradiation complication of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PRNN not only severely impacts the quality of life but also endangers the lives of patients. Definite grades of PRNN and their corresponding standard surgical procedures are lacking.

Ferroptosis contributes to lead-induced cochlear spiral ganglion neurons injury.

The underlying mechanisms of lead exposure-induced cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) injury are not yet clear. This study explored whether ferroptosis is involved in lead-induced SGNs injury and investigated the mechanism of lead-induced iron overload in SGNs. A primary culture cell model of lead acetate-induced SGNs damage was established.

Susceptibility of immature spiral ganglion neurons to aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity is mediated by the TRPV1 channel in mice.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are among the most common agents that can cause sensorineural hearing loss. From clinical experience, premature babies, whose inner ear is still developing, are more susceptible to aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity, which is echoed by our previous study carried out in organotypic cultures. This study aimed to investigate whether a nonselective cation channel, TRPV1, contributes to the susceptibility of immature spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) to the damage caused by aminoglycosides.

Improvements and challenges of tissue preparation for spatial transcriptome analysis of skull base tumors.

Background: Spatial transcriptome (ST) provides molecular profiles of tumor cells at the spatial level, which brings new progress to the research of tumors and the tumor microenvironment. This study summarizes the experiences and lessons learned in the spatial section preparation of two different pathological types of nose and skull base tumors at our institution, with the aim of offering guidelines to researchers to avoid wasting precious samples and provide a basis for the application of ST in clinical practice.

Methods: Frozen tissue blocks from patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the nose and skull base diagnosed at our institution were prepared.

Significance of leukocyte-specific transcript 1 levels in nasal mucosal tissue to predict recurrence of nasal polyps.

Objective: Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by high heterogeneity and postoperative recurrence rate. This study aims to explore the clinical significance of tissue Leukocyte-Specific Transcript 1 (LST1) in predicting CRSwNP recurrence.

Methods: We enrolled 62 CRSwNP patients including 30 primary CRSwNP and 32 recurrent CRSwNP patients, and 40 Healthy Controls (HC).

Exosomes Derived hsa-miR-4669 as a Novel Biomarker for Early Predicting the Response of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis.

Purpose: Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is an effective treatment for pediatric allergic rhinitis (AR), but its efficacy fluctuates among individuals. This study aims to identify the profile of serum exosomes derived microRNAs (miRNAs) and evaluate their capacities to early predict SCIT efficacy in pediatric AR.

Patients And Methods: High-throughput sequencing was applied to identify the miRNA of serum exosomes in AR children.

Circulating C-X-C Motif Ligand 13 as a Biomarker for Early Predicting Efficacy of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Children With Chronic Allergic Rhinitis.

Background: C-X-C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13) and B cell-activating factor (BAFF) are proven to be involved in inflammatory diseases, but their role in allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of serum CXCL13 and BAFF in AR and their clinical values as objective biomarkers to predict the efficacy of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT).

Methods: We prospectively recruited 90 children with AR treated with SCIT and collected their serum specimens before SCIT.

Identification of Robust Biomarkers for Early Predicting Efficacy of Subcutaneous Immunotherapy in Children With House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Rhinitis by Multiple Cytokine Profiling.

Background: Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is an effective treatment for children with allergic rhinitis (AR), but its efficacy fluctuates among patients. There are no reliable candidate biomarkers for monitoring and predicting the response to SCIT. The present study aims to identify novel biomarkers for early predicting the efficacy of SCIT in pediatric AR patients based on multiple cytokine profiling.

Preliminary Efficacy Report and Prognosis Analysis of Endoscopic Endonasal Nasopharyngectomy for Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Compared with radiotherapy, endoscopic endonasal nasopharyngectomy (EEN) is increasingly used to treat recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) because of its good prognosis and mild complications. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of EEN in the treatment of recurrent NPC and factors affecting prognosis. This study included all patients who received EEN for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma from April 2016 to April 2020.

Immune Microenvironment Change and Involvement of Circular RNAs in TIL Cells of Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumor that is highly prevalent in southern China and the Southeast Asian belt. Recent studies have shown that the T cells play important regulatory roles in tumorigenesis and progression. We test TIL cell of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma and primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Endoscopic Surgeries With Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Recurrent rT3 and rT4 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and endoscopic surgery (ES) for high T-stage recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods: Relevant studies were retrieved in six databases from 02/28,2011 to 02/28,2021. The 2-year, 3-year, 5-year overall survival (OS) rates and 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were calculated to compare the survival outcomes of the two treatments of IMRT and ES.

Circulating MIF Associated With Disease Severity and Clinical Response of Sublingual Immunotherapy in House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Rhinitis.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is described as a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in many inflammatory and allergic disorders, but the role of MIF in allergic rhinitis (AR) remains poorly clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between circulating MIF levels and house dust mite (HDM)-induced AR, and evaluate MIF as a potential biomarker in reflecting disease severity and predicting the clinical response of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in HDM-induced AR patients. In this study, we enrolled 160 persistent HDM-induced AR patients (AR group), including 48 mild AR patients (MAR group) and 112 moderate-severe AR patients (MSAR group), and 77 healthy controls (HC group).

Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Evaluating Disease Severity in House-Dust-Mite-Induced Allergic Rhinitis by Serum Metabolomics.

The aim of this study was to identify differences in serum metabolomics profiles of house-dust-mite (HDM)-induced allergic rhinitis (AR) patients compared to controls and to explore novel biomarkers reflecting disease severity. Serum samples were collected from 29 healthy controls and HDM-induced 72 AR patients, including 30 mild patients (MAR) and 42 moderate to severe AR patients (MSAR). Metabolomics detection was performed, and orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis was applied to assess the differences between AR patients and controls and for subgroups based on disease severity.

The Role of Serum Metabolomics in Distinguishing Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyp Phenotypes.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by different clinical features and treatment responsiveness. This study aimed to compare the serum metabolomics profiles between eosinophilic CRSwNP (eCRSwNP) and non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (neCRSwNP) and healthy controls (HC) and explore objective biomarkers for distinguishing eCRSwNP before surgery. Serum samples were collected from 33 neCRSwNP patients, 37 eCRSwNP patients, and 29 HC.

Prediction of sublingual immunotherapy efficacy in allergic rhinitis by serum metabolomics analysis.

Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is currently the only therapy for allergic rhinitis (AR) that can induce immune tolerance to allergens. However, the course of ASIT is long and there is no objective biomarker to predict treatment efficacy. The present study aimed to explore potential biomarkers predictive of efficacy of AIT based on serum metabolomics profiles.

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule as a biomarker for disease severity and efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis.

Background: Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) plays an important role in T cell activation and immune response, but the role of ALCAM in allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. The objective of the current study was to validate serum ALCAM as a biomarker in assessing disease severity and predicting the efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in AR patients.

Methods: We recruited 40 healthy controls (HC group), 38 mild AR patients (MAR group) and 80 moderate-severe AR patients (MSAR group) in this study.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Post-irradiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Survivors.

Objectives: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) may occur in post-irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors with a rare rate. This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of this population.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Kanamycin Damages Early Postnatal, but Not Adult Spiral Ganglion Neurons.

Although aminoglycoside antibiotics such as kanamycin are widely used clinically to treat life-threatening bacterial infections, ototoxicity remains a significant dose-limiting side effect. The prevailing view is that the hair cells are the primary ototoxic target of aminoglycosides and that spiral ganglion neurons begin to degenerate weeks or months after the hair cells have died due to lack of neurotrophic support. To test the early developmental aspects of this issue, we compared kanamycin-induced hair cell and spiral ganglion pathology in rat postnatal day 3 cochlear organotypic cultures with adult whole cochlear explants.

Overexpression of N-cadherin and β-catenin correlates with poor prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

An increasing amount of evidence demonstrates that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in tumor invasion and metastases. The cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin and the Wnt/β-catenin cascade protein β-catenin are two biomarkers of EMT. The present study aimed to measure the expression levels of N-cadherin and β-catenin in samples from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and evaluate their prognostic significance.

Characteristic anatomical structures of rat temporal bone.

As most gene sequences and functional structures of internal organs in rats have been well studied, rat models are widely used in experimental medical studies. A large number of descriptions and atlas of the rat temporal bone have been published, but some detailed anatomy of its surface and inside structures remains to be studied. By focusing on some unique characteristics of the rat temporal bone, the current paper aims to provide more accurate and detailed information on rat temporal bone anatomy in an attempt to complete missing or unclear areas in the existed knowledge.

Standardized surgical approaches to ear surgery in rats.

Objective: To describe several approaches of ear surgeries for experimental studies in rats.

Methods: Anesthetized rats were prepared for demonstration of various ear surgery approaches designed to optimize experimental outcomes in studies with specific goals and exposure requirements. The surgical approaches included the posterior tympanum, superior tympanum, inferior tympanum and occipital approaches.

Standardization of experimental animals temporal bone sections.

Preparation of the temporal bone for light microscopy is an important step in histological studies of the inner ear. Due to the complexity of structures of the inner ear, it is difficult to measure or compare structures of interest without a commonly accepted standardized measure of temporal bone sections. Therefore, standardization of temporal bone sections is very important for histological assessment of sensory hair cells and peripheral ganglion neurons in the cochlear and vestibular systems.