Publications by authors named "Kelechi Nnoaham"

Background: In recent years data-driven population segmentation using cluster analyses of mainly health care utilisation data has been used as a proxy of future health care need. Chronic conditions patterns tended to be examined after segmentation but may be useful as a segmentation variable which, in combination with utilisation could indicate severity. These could further be of practical use to target specific clinical groups including for prevention.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background/objectives: Adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, such as Nigeria, are at increased risk of malnutrition, especially obesity, but there is limited data describing the risk. We assessed this risk by examining the nutritional status and associated factors such as dietary habits, dietary diversity, nutritional knowledge and sociodemographic characteristics among adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study in which 682 adolescents were selected from their communities using a multistage sampling technique.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Mass community testing for SARS-CoV-2 by lateral flow devices (LFDs) aims to reduce prevalence in the community. However its effectiveness as a public heath intervention is disputed.

Method: Data from a mass testing pilot in the Borough of Merthyr Tydfil in late 2020 was used to model cases, hospitalisations, ICU admissions and deaths prevented.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Between 21 November and 22 December 2020, a SARS-CoV-2 community testing pilot took place in the South Wales Valleys. We conducted a case-control study in adults taking part in the pilot using an anonymous online questionnaire. Social, demographic and behavioural factors were compared in people with a positive lateral flow test (cases) and a sample of negatives (controls).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Sero-prevalence studies quantify the proportion of a population that has antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and can be used to identify the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic at a population level. The aim of the study was to assess the sero-prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the workforce at three workplaces: a food factory, non-food factory and call-centre.

Methods: Nine hundred ninety-three participants were recruited from three workplaces in South Wales.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Population segmentation is useful for understanding the health needs of populations. Expert-driven segmentation is a traditional approach which involves subjective decisions on how to segment data, with no agreed best practice. The limitations of this approach are theoretically overcome by more data-driven approaches such as utilisation-based cluster analysis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Health-related food taxes and subsidies may promote healthier diets and reduce mortality. Our aim was to estimate the effects of health-related food taxes and subsidies on deaths prevented or postponed (DPP) in New Zealand.

Methods: A macrosimulation model based on household expenditure data, demand elasticities and population impact fractions for 18 diet-related diseases was used to estimate effects of five tax and subsidy regimens.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To determine the prevalence of endometriosis and identify associated symptoms among Nigerian women.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a center in Ibadan, Nigeria, between October 2008 and December 2010. All women aged 18-45 years scheduled for their first diagnostic laparoscopy for gynecologic indications were enrolled.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Increased vegetable and fruit consumption is encouraged to promote health, including the maintenance of a healthy body weight. Population health strategies (e.g.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To estimate how much more cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality could be reduced in the United Kingdom through more progressive nutritional targets.

Methods: Potential reductions in CVD mortality in the United Kingdom between 2006 (baseline) and 2015 were estimated by synthesizing data on population, diet and mortality among adults aged 25 to 84 years. The effect of specific dietary changes on CVD mortality was obtained from recent meta-analyses.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To review published studies evaluating early menarche and the risk of endometriosis.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Setting: None.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To generate and validate symptom-based models to predict endometriosis among symptomatic women prior to undergoing their first laparoscopy.

Design: Prospective, observational, two-phase study, in which women completed a 25-item questionnaire prior to surgery.

Setting: Nineteen hospitals in 13 countries.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To assess the impact of endometriosis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and work productivity.

Design: Multicenter cross-sectional study with prospective recruitment.

Setting: Sixteen clinical centers in ten countries.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Quantifying the potential health benefits of improvements in the nutritional quality of the average diet of a population would provide evidence for resource allocation between population-level interventions aimed at reducing chronic disease.

Methods: A model was built linking consumption of food components with biological risk factors (blood pressure, serum cholesterol and obesity) and subsequent mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer. Meta-analyses of individual-level studies that quantified the RR of increased consumption/increased risk factor level on disease outcomes were used to build the model.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Uptake of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in UK is less than 60%. Geodemographic typologies are useful in describing patterns of individual preventive health behaviour but little is known of their value in assessing uptake of CRC screening, or how this compares to traditional measures of area deprivation.

Methods: We used data on CRC screening uptake in the South Central, South-East Coast and South-West England National Health Service regions in multilevel logistic regression to describe the effects of individual composition and contextual factors (area deprivation and geodemographic segments) on non-response to screening invitation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To examine the effects, by income group, of targeted food taxes and subsidies on nutrition, health and expenditure in the UK.

Methods: A model based on consumption data and demand elasticity was constructed to predict the effects of four food taxation-subsidy regimens. Resulting changes in demand, expenditure, nutrition, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality were estimated.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Endometriosis can be difficult to diagnose clinically and models that use symptoms to predict whether the disease is present or not are based on limited patient populations. Endometriosis also influences health-related quality of life, but little is known about its impact across the world. We therefore initiated two integrated multicentre studies to collect prospective, standardised, epidemiological data, to 1) examine the global impact of endometriosis and relative effect of risk-factors, and 2) develop a symptom-based diagnostic tool.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a popular pain treatment modality but its effectiveness in chronic pain management is unknown. This review is an update of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3, 2001.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of TENS in chronic pain.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To explore the association between low serum vitamin D and risk of active tuberculosis in humans.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Observational studies published between 1980 and July 2006 (identified through Medline) that examined the association between low serum vitamin D and risk of active tuberculosis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF