The Potential for Genotoxicity, Mutagenicity and Endocrine Disruption in Triclosan and Triclocarban Assessed through a Combination of In Vitro Methods.

Triclosan and Triclocarban, preservatives widely used in cosmetics and other consumer products, underwent evaluation using a battery of new-approach methodologies in vitro (NAMs). Specifically, the Microplate Ames Test (MPF™ Test, Xenometrix, Allschwil, Switzerland) was employed to assess mutagenicity, the Comet assay in vitro on the HaCat cell line and the Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Test were utilized to evaluate genotoxicity, and the XenoScreen YES/YAS assay was applied to investigate endocrine disruption. The chemicals did not exhibit any positive responses for mutagenicity.

The Safety Assessment of Cosmetic Perfumes by Using and Methods in Combination with GC-MS/MS Analysis.

Animal testing has been prohibited for the safety assessment of cosmetic ingredients or finished products. Thus, alternative non-animal methods, followed by confirmatory clinical studies on human volunteers, should be used as the sole legally acceptable approach within the EU. The safety assessment of cosmetic products requires the involvement of multiple scientific disciplines, including analytical chemistry and biomedicine, as well as , and toxicology.

Low-cost and prototype-friendly method for biocompatible encapsulation of implantable electronics with epoxy overmolding, hermetic feedthroughs and P3HT coating.

The research of novel implantable medical devices is one of the most attractive, yet complex areas in the biomedical field. The design and development of sufficiently small devices working in an in vivo environment is challenging but successful encapsulation of such devices is even more so. Industry-standard methods using glass and titanium are too expensive and tedious, and epoxy or silicone encapsulation is prone to water ingress with cable feedthroughs being the most frequent point of failure.

Health safety of parabens evaluated by selected in vitro methods.

Seven selected parabens (4 allowed, 3 banned in cosmetics) were tested in order to confirm and expand historical data on their toxicological properties and safety. The aim was to apply novel in vitro methods, which have been sufficiently technically and scientifically validated for the purposes of toxicological testing of chemicals. The study included several toxicological endpoints such as skin/eye irritation, skin sensitization, endocrine disruption and genotoxicity.

New approach methods for assessing indoor air toxicity.

Indoor air is typically a mixture of many chemicals at low concentrations without any adverse health effects alone, but in mixtures they may cause toxicity and risks to human health. The aim of this study was by using new approach methods to assess the potential toxicity of indoor air condensates. In specific, different test methods including cyto-and immunotoxicity, skin sensitization and endocrine disruption were applied.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Certain Aspects of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Hazard of Hospital Wastewaters by Using a Range of Assays.

Health care facilities and hospitals generate significant amounts of wastewater which are released into the sewage system, either after a preliminary treatment or without any further treatment. Hospital wastewater may contain large amounts of hazardous chemicals and pharmaceuticals, some of which cannot be eliminated entirely by wastewater treatment plants. Moreover, hospital effluents may be loaded with a plethora of pathogenic microorganisms or other microbiota and microbiome residues.

Sensitivity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to hospital effluent compared to Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri.

The Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test was adopted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as OECD TG 236 in 2013. The test has been designed to determine acute toxicity of chemicals on embryonic stages of fish and proposed as an alternative method to the Fish Acute Toxicity Test performed according to OECD TG 203. In recent years fish embryos were used not only in the assessment of toxicity of chemicals but also for environmental and wastewater samples.

Comparison of methods used for evaluation of mutagenicity/genotoxicity of model chemicals - parabens.

Growing worldwide efforts to replace (reduce) animal testing and to improve alternative in vitro tests which may be more efficient in terms of both time, cost and scientific validity include also genotoxicity/mutagenicity endpoints. The aim of the review article was to summarize currently available in vitro testing approaches in this field, their regulatory acceptance and recommended combinations for classification of chemicals. A study using the combination of Comet Assay performed on two cell lines and the Chromosomal Aberration test on human peripheral lymphocytes was performed with the aim to predict the genotoxic potential of selected paraben esters, serving as a model chemical group.

Sensitization potential of medical devices detected by in vitro and in vivo methods.

Medical devices must be tested before marketing in accordance with ISO EN 10993-10 in order to avoid skin sensi­tization. This standard predominantly refers to the in vivo test but does not exclude the use of in vitro methods that have been sufficiently technically and scientifically validated for medical device testing. It is foreseen that, due to the complexity of the sensitization endpoint, a combination of several methods will be needed to address all key events occurring in the sensitization process.

Safety testing of adult novelties using in vitro methods.

Despite widespread and prolonged use of adult novelties, their health safety is not regularly tested or legally regulated. In the EU, adult novelties are subjected to the General Product Safety Directive, placing the burden of proof regarding safe products onto the manufacturers. The aim of our pilot study was to expand knowledge on potential application of in vitro methods for hazard prediction of extracts from final products.

Toxicological testing of a photoactive phthalocyanine-based antimicrobial substance.

The aim of the study was toxicological testing of an innovative and efficient antimicrobial agent based on photoactive phthalocyanine (Pc) derivative. A promising Aluminium phthalocyanine (AlPc) with efficient and stable antimicrobial effects was subjected to a battery of toxicological tests to avoid local and systemic toxicity hazard. In compliance with the current European legislation restricting the use of experimental animals, the methods comprised exclusively in vitro procedures based on cellular and tissue models of human origin or mimicking human tissues.

Toxicity of food contact paper evaluated by combined biological and chemical methods.

The study was focused on assessment of potential health risks of paper-based food contact materials (FCMs) in a step-wise approach using three toxicological bioassays in vitro and chemical analyses of migrating contaminants. 3T3 NRU cytotoxicity test showed high sensitivity to detect basal toxicity of FCMs extracts and served as a first-line test for selection of samples for further testing. The reconstructed human intestine model EpiIntestinal showed more realistic tissue response than cell culture monolayer and higher resistance despite prolonged exposure to the selected 6 samples, i.

Toxicity of wastewater from health care facilities assessed by different bioassays.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine toxicity of wastewater from hospitals in the Czech Republic using traditional and alternative toxicological methods. The pilot study comprised weekly dynamics of sewage ecotoxicity of treated wastewater from one hospital in two different seasons. A detailed investigation of wastewater ecotoxicity, genotoxicity and reprotoxicity followed in five different hospitals.

Selected bisphenols and phthalates screened for estrogen and androgen disruption by in silico and in vitro methods.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect endocrine disruption potential of selected bisphenols and phthalates, compare in silico prediction with results from two in vitro methods and bring up-to-date information on development of EU legislation, available in vitro methods and biomechanisms involved in endocrine disruption.

Material And Methods: In silico approach based on the OECD QSAR Toolbox was used for prediction of estrogen receptor α binding. OECD TG 455 assay and a yeast-based YES/YAS assay was used to determine the interactions with human estrogen (ERα) and androgen receptors.

Behaviour of silver nanoparticles in simulated saliva and gastrointestinal fluids.

Continuously increasing application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) requires information on their safety and performance under biological conditions. Assessment of AgNPs in biological systems is also related to availability of robust toxicological methods for evaluation of toxic potential of AgNPs and information on their physicochemical state. Silver nanoparticles were subjected to action of simulated saliva, gastric and intestinal fluids, appropriately supplemented with digestive enzymes pepsin or pancreatin.

Alternative methods in vitro for screening of endocrine disruptors.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare in silico data with results obtained in two alternative in vitro methods; and to investigate the potential endocrine activity of bisphenol A analogues. This article contributes to recent findings and brings up-to-date information on development of EU legislation and in vitro testing methods of endocrine disruption.

Methods: In silico approach based on the OECD QSAR Toolbox was used for prediction of potential ligands of human estrogen receptor α.

Genotoxicity of wastewater from health care facilities.

Health care facilities use for therapeutic purposes, diagnostics, research, and disinfection a high number of chemical compounds, such as pharmaceuticals (e.g. antibiotics, cytostatics, antidepressants), disinfectants, surfactants, metals, radioactive elements, bleach preparations, etc.

Objective measurements of skin surface roughness after microdermabrasion treatment.

Background: The aim of this article is to present a new methodology for assessment of skin topology using a three-dimensional image (3D).

Methods: The measurement of the skin surface roughness is based on 3D scanning of silicone replicas by chromatic aberration length technique in a contactless manner, i.e.

Adverse Phototoxic Effect of Essential Plant Oils on NIH 3T3 Cell Line after UV Light Exposure.

Aim: Natural or artificial substances have become an inseparable part of our lives. It is questionable whether adequate testing has been performed in order to ensure these substances do not pose a serious health risk. The principal aim of our research was to clarify the potential risk of adding essential oils to food, beverages and cosmetic products.

Reprint of: Cytotoxicity, cell uptake and microscopic analysis of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles in vitro.

Commercially manufactured nanomaterials are used massively for modification of products of everyday use, including products intended for children. Therefore their potential risks have to be ultimately studied. Aside from toxicity of nanomaterials with known specific parameters, the end-consumer is potentially endangered by materials with unknown specification.

Characteristics of silver nanoparticles in vehicles for biological applications.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been used for decades as anti-bacterial agents in various industrial fields such as cosmetics, health industry, food storage, textile coatings and environmental applications, although their toxicity is not fully recognized yet. Antimicrobial and catalytic activity of AgNPs depends on their size as well as structure, shape, size distribution, and physico-chemical environment. The unique properties of AgNPs require novel or modified toxicological methods for evaluation of their toxic potential combined with robust analytical methods for characterization of nanoparticles applied in relevant vehicles, e.

Cytotoxicity, cell uptake and microscopic analysis of titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles in vitro.

Commercially manufactured nanomaterials are used massively for modification of products of everyday use, including products intended for children. Therefore their potential risks have to be ultimately studied. Aside from toxicity of nanomaterials with known specific parameters, the end-consumer is potentially endangered by materials with unknown specification.