Alzheimer's Disease; Mechanism, Mutations, and Applications of Nano-Medicine.

Background: In the past 10 years, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathogenic chain of events that causes Alzheimer's disease (AD). According to the most widely accepted concept, the production and aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides play a critical role in AD. As a result, therapeutic intervention with these processes is the focus of intense research.

Adenosine A Receptor in Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Mediated Macrophages M2 Polarization PPARγ-P65 Pathway in Chronic Hypoperfusion Situation.

The role of adenosine A receptor (AR) in the ischemic white matter damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion remains obscure. Here we investigated the role of AR in the process of macrophage polarizations in the white matter damage induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and explored the involved signaling pathways. We combined mouse model and macrophage cell line for our study.

A Novel Method of Magnetic Nanoparticles Functionalized with Anti-Folate Receptor Antibody and Methotrexate for Antibody Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery.

Therapeutic effects of anticancer medicines can be improved by targeting the specific receptors on cancer cells. Folate receptor (FR) targeting with antibody (Ab) is an effective tool to deliver anticancer drugs to the cancer cell. In this research project, a novel formulation of targeting drug delivery was designed, and its anticancer effects were analyzed.

Emerging Mutations in Nsp1 of SARS-CoV-2 and Their Effect on the Structural Stability.

The genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encodes 16 non-structural (Nsp) and 4 structural proteins. Among the Nsps, Nsp1 inhibits host gene expression and also evades the immune system. This protein has been proposed as a target for vaccine development and also for drug design.

Emerging mutations in envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2 and their effect on thermodynamic properties.

Structural proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are potential drug targets due to their role in the virus life cycle. The envelope (E) protein is one of the structural proteins; plays a critical role in virulency. However, the emergence of mutations oftenly leads to drug resistance and may also play a vital role in virus stabilization and evolution.

Honokiol exerts protective effects on neural myelin sheaths after compressed spinal cord injury by inhibiting oligodendrocyte apoptosis through regulation of ER-mitochondrial interactions.

Objective: To investigate the effect of honokiol on demyelination after compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI) and it's possible mechanism.

Design: Animal experiment study.

Setting: Institute of Neuroscience of Chongqing Medical University.

Integrative transcriptome analysis identified a BMP signaling pathway-regulated lncRNA AC068643.1 in IDH mutant and wild-type glioblastomas.

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are classified into isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant ( ) and wild-type ( ) subtypes, and each is associated with distinct tumor behavior and prognosis. The present study aimed to investigate differentially expressed long non-coding (lnc)RNAs and mRNAs between and GBMs, as well as to explore the interaction and potential functions of these RNAs. A total of 132 GBM samples with RNA profiling data (10 and 122 cases) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and 62/78 and 142/219 up/downregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs between and GBMs were identified, respectively.

Stoichioproteomics reveal oxygen usage bias, key proteins and pathways in glioma.

Background: The five-year survival rate and therapeutic effect of malignant glioma is low. Identification of key/associated proteins and pathways in glioma is necessary for developing effective diagnosis and targeted therapy of glioma. In addition, Glioma involves hypoxia-specific microenvironment, whether hypoxia restriction influences the stoichioproteomic characteristics of expressed proteins is unknown.

MiR-206 is down-regulated and suppresses cell proliferation by targeting FOXP1 in brain gliomas.

Aberrant expression of miR-206 has been repeatedly found and demonstrated to play crucial roles in cancers. However, the role of miR-206 in brain glioma remains unclear. To address this issue, we detected miR-206 expression of 60 gliomas and 18 normal peritumor tissues, and found that miR-206 is significantly down-regulated in gliomas.

Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate sensitizes U251 brain glioma cells to temozolomide via downregulation of and .

The current study investigated the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and sensitivity to temozolomide (TMZ) of the U251 glioma cell line. Proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis of U251 cells following treatment with PDTC and TMZ was determined by an MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (), B-cell lymphoma extra-large and survivin were further determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting analysis.

p53-Mediated oligodendrocyte apoptosis initiates demyelination after compressed spinal cord injury by enhancing ER-mitochondria interaction and E2F1 expression.

Oligodendrocyte apoptosis mediated demyelination is a pathological change characteristic of compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI). However, the mechanism of demyelination due to oligodendrocyte apoptosis is not known. In this study, after successfully establishing a rat CSCI model using a custom-made compressor, we investigated the pathological changes, MBP expression, as well as apoptosis-related protein (p53, active caspase-3) expression to determine whether or not apoptosis and demyelination occurred after injury.

Risk Factors for the Rupture of Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysms Using CT Angiography.

Background And Purpose: To investigate the clinical and morphological characteristics associated with risk factors for the rupture of bifurcation-type middle cerebral artery aneurysms (MCAAs).

Methods: A total of 169 consecutive patients with 177 bifurcation-type MCAAs were reviewed from August 2011 to January 2016. Based on the clinical and morphologic characteristics findings, the risk factors of aneurysm rupture were assessed using statistical methods.

Clinical Features and Treatment of Distal Intracranial Aneurysms.

To analyze the clinical characteristics, therapies, and outcomes of distal intracranial aneurysms, the authors retrospectively studied the clinical and imaging data of 18 patients with distal intracranial aneurysms. There were 10 males and 8 females, aged from 11 months to 59 years (mean, 40.4 ± 11.

Successful Transarterial Embolization of a Posttraumatic Fistula Between a Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm and the Cavernous Sinus: A Case Report.

Posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm-cavernous sinus fistulae are an extremely rare complication of head injury . The treatment of PCoA aneurysm-cavernous sinus fistulae has not been well described. A 27-year-old man was admitted with a retroocular bruit and blurred vision of the left eye seven months after a severe head injury.

Microarray analysis of the aberrant microRNA expression pattern in gliomas of different grades.

Previous studies have focused on miRNA expression in brain gliomas. However, both the expression pattern of miRNAs in gliomas of different grades and various miRNAs involved in malignant progression of gliomas are poorly understood. In the present study, we used miRNA microarray-based screening to investigate the miRNA expression profile in gliomas, which was further verified by qRT-PCR in selected miRNAs.

AQP-4 in peritumoral edematous tissue is correlated with the degree of glioma and with expression of VEGF and HIF-alpha.

It is recognized that expression of AQP4 protein is much greater in gliomas than in normal tissue. The relationship between AQP4 and glioma-associated brain edema is affected by osmotic pressure and hypoxia. In this study, we detected changes of AQP4 expression in tumor and peritumoral edematous tissues to analyze the relationship between AQP4 protein and the edema index (EI).

[AQP4 expression in the brains of patients with glioblastoma and its association with brain edema].

Objective: To investigate the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in the brains of patients with glioblastoma and its association with brain edema.

Methods: Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and western blot tests were performed to detect the expression of AQP4 in the brain tumors and the adjacent tissues in 30 patients with glioblastoma. The association between AQP4 and the extent of brain edema was analysed.