The Versatile Applications of Calix[4]resorcinarene-Based Cavitands.

The advancement of synthetic host-guest chemistry has played a pivotal role in exploring and quantifying weak non-covalent interactions, unraveling the intricacies of molecular recognition in both chemical and biological systems. Macrocycles, particularly calix[4]resorcinarene-based cavitands, have demonstrated significant utility in receptor design, facilitating the creation of intricately organized architectures. Within the realm of macrocycles, these cavitands stand out as privileged scaffolds owing to their synthetic adaptability, excellent topological structures, and unique recognition properties.

Network structures and mitigation potential of trade linked global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions.

Since agriculture is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, accurately calculating these emissions is essential for simultaneously addressing climate change and food security challenges. This paper explores the critical role of trade in transferring agricultural greenhouse gas (AGHG) emissions throughout global agricultural supply chains. We develop a detailed AGHG emission inventory with comprehensive coverage across a wide range of countries and emission sources at first.

Late-Stage Reshaping of Phage-Displayed Libraries to Macrocyclic and Bicyclic Landscapes using a Multipurpose Linchpin.

Genetically encoded libraries (GEL) are increasingly being used for the discovery of ligands for "undruggable" targets that cannot be addressed with small molecules. Foundational GEL platforms like phage-, yeast-, ribosome-, and mRNA-display have enabled the display of libraries composed of 20 natural amino acids (20AA). Unnatural amino acids (UAA) and chemical post-translational modification (cPTM) expanded GEL beyond the 20AA space to yield unnatural linear, cyclic, and bicyclic peptides.

Increasing impacts of China's oil and gas demands on global CH emissions.

The energy sector stands out as a main contributor to increasing global methane (CH) emissions. Given China's heavy dependence on energy imports, a closer examination of its oil and gas-related CH emissions becomes imperative. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of China's contribution to global CH emissions stemming from its consumption of crude oil and natural gas since 2000.

Tracing global NO emission mitigation strategies through trade networks.

Nitrous oxide (NO) is the third most potent greenhouse gas (GHG) and the most important ozone depleting substance. But how global NO emissions are connected through the interwoven trade network remains unclear. This paper attempts to specifically trace anthropogenic NO emissions via global trade networks using a multi-regional input-output model and a complex network model.

Global trade networks bring targeted opportunity for energy-related CH emission mitigation.

Recent literature highlights the contributions the global energy sector has made to anthropogenic CH emissions, calling for immediate action. However, extant studies have failed to reveal the energy-related CH emissions induced by global trades of intermediate and final commodities or services. This paper traces fugitive CH emissions via global trade networks using the multi-regional input-output and complex network models.

China's Trade of Agricultural Products Drives Substantial Greenhouse Gas Emissions.

China's trade of agricultural products has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, resulting in considerable shifts in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. This study aims to explore the evolution of GHG emissions embodied in China's trade of agricultural products from 1995 to 2015. The GHG emissions embodied in China's exports of agricultural products experienced three stages of fluctuation, showing a significant upward trend (1995-2003), a fluctuating trend (2004-2007), and a fall back to the previous level (2008-2015).

Tea consumption during the periconceptional period does not significantly increase the prevalence of neural tube defects: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Tea consumption may potentially promote the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) because catechins, the main components of tea polyphenols, can lead to the depletion of bioavailable folate. Many epidemiologic studies have explored the association between tea consumption and NTD risk; however, the findings are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between tea consumption and NTD.

Learning the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the Wittig reaction from genetically-encoded substrates.

The Wittig reaction can be used for late stage functionalization of proteins and peptides to ligate glycans, pharmacophores, and many other functionalities. In this manuscript, we modified 160 000 N-terminal glyoxaldehyde peptides displayed on phage with the Wittig reaction by using a biotin labeled ylide under conditions that functionalize only 1% of the library population. Deep-sequencing of the biotinylated and input populations estimated the rate of conversion for each sequence.

The predicted trend of COVID-19 in the United States of America under the policy of "Opening Up America Again".

COVID-19 virus has been spreading worldwide for more than a year. At present, the situation of the new crown pneumonia epidemic remains full of tension and uncertainty. It is of concern is that the worst outbreak in the world is in the United States.

Disturbance Observer-Based Feedback Linearization Control for a Quadruple-Tank Liquid Level System.

A novel input/output feedback linearization control method by utilizing nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB) is proposed for a quadruple-tank liquid level (QTLL) system in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical model of QTLL system is established by using Bernoulli's law and mass conservation. Secondly, in view of the nonlinear and coupling characteristics of the QTLL system, a input/output feedback linearization controller is designed.

Rapid Access to Dispirocyclic Scaffolds Enabled by Diastereoselective Intramolecular Double Functionalization of Benzene Rings.

Here we describe the diastereoselective synthesis of (5r,8r)-1,9-diazadispiro[4.2.4 .