The advancement of synthetic host-guest chemistry has played a pivotal role in exploring and quantifying weak non-covalent interactions, unraveling the intricacies of molecular recognition in both chemical and biological systems. Macrocycles, particularly calix[4]resorcinarene-based cavitands, have demonstrated significant utility in receptor design, facilitating the creation of intricately organized architectures. Within the realm of macrocycles, these cavitands stand out as privileged scaffolds owing to their synthetic adaptability, excellent topological structures, and unique recognition properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSince agriculture is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, accurately calculating these emissions is essential for simultaneously addressing climate change and food security challenges. This paper explores the critical role of trade in transferring agricultural greenhouse gas (AGHG) emissions throughout global agricultural supply chains. We develop a detailed AGHG emission inventory with comprehensive coverage across a wide range of countries and emission sources at first.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenetically encoded libraries (GEL) are increasingly being used for the discovery of ligands for "undruggable" targets that cannot be addressed with small molecules. Foundational GEL platforms like phage-, yeast-, ribosome-, and mRNA-display have enabled the display of libraries composed of 20 natural amino acids (20AA). Unnatural amino acids (UAA) and chemical post-translational modification (cPTM) expanded GEL beyond the 20AA space to yield unnatural linear, cyclic, and bicyclic peptides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
February 2024
The energy sector stands out as a main contributor to increasing global methane (CH) emissions. Given China's heavy dependence on energy imports, a closer examination of its oil and gas-related CH emissions becomes imperative. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of China's contribution to global CH emissions stemming from its consumption of crude oil and natural gas since 2000.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
October 2023
Nitrous oxide (NO) is the third most potent greenhouse gas (GHG) and the most important ozone depleting substance. But how global NO emissions are connected through the interwoven trade network remains unclear. This paper attempts to specifically trace anthropogenic NO emissions via global trade networks using a multi-regional input-output model and a complex network model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
August 2023
Recent literature highlights the contributions the global energy sector has made to anthropogenic CH emissions, calling for immediate action. However, extant studies have failed to reveal the energy-related CH emissions induced by global trades of intermediate and final commodities or services. This paper traces fugitive CH emissions via global trade networks using the multi-regional input-output and complex network models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
November 2022
China's trade of agricultural products has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, resulting in considerable shifts in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. This study aims to explore the evolution of GHG emissions embodied in China's trade of agricultural products from 1995 to 2015. The GHG emissions embodied in China's exports of agricultural products experienced three stages of fluctuation, showing a significant upward trend (1995-2003), a fluctuating trend (2004-2007), and a fall back to the previous level (2008-2015).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTea consumption may potentially promote the prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) because catechins, the main components of tea polyphenols, can lead to the depletion of bioavailable folate. Many epidemiologic studies have explored the association between tea consumption and NTD risk; however, the findings are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between tea consumption and NTD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Wittig reaction can be used for late stage functionalization of proteins and peptides to ligate glycans, pharmacophores, and many other functionalities. In this manuscript, we modified 160 000 N-terminal glyoxaldehyde peptides displayed on phage with the Wittig reaction by using a biotin labeled ylide under conditions that functionalize only 1% of the library population. Deep-sequencing of the biotinylated and input populations estimated the rate of conversion for each sequence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCOVID-19 virus has been spreading worldwide for more than a year. At present, the situation of the new crown pneumonia epidemic remains full of tension and uncertainty. It is of concern is that the worst outbreak in the world is in the United States.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA novel input/output feedback linearization control method by utilizing nonlinear disturbance observer (NDOB) is proposed for a quadruple-tank liquid level (QTLL) system in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical model of QTLL system is established by using Bernoulli's law and mass conservation. Secondly, in view of the nonlinear and coupling characteristics of the QTLL system, a input/output feedback linearization controller is designed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHere we describe the diastereoselective synthesis of (5r,8r)-1,9-diazadispiro[4.2.4 .
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