What Is Medical Extended Reality? A Taxonomy Defining the Current Breadth and Depth of an Evolving Field.

Medical extended reality (MXR) has emerged as a dynamic field at the intersection of health care and immersive technology, encompassing virtual, augmented, and mixed reality applications across a wide range of medical disciplines. Despite its rapid growth and recognition by regulatory bodies, the field lacks a standardized taxonomy to categorize its diverse research and applications. This American Medical Extended Reality Association guideline, authored by the editorial board of the , introduces a comprehensive taxonomy for MXR, developed through a multidisciplinary and international collaboration of experts.

Be Prepared: A Pediatric Simulation Center's Early Pandemic Contributions.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic forced healthcare institutions to rapidly adapt practices for patient care, staff safety, and resource management. We evaluated contributions of the simulation center in a freestanding children's hospital during the early stages of the pandemic.

Methods: We reviewed our simulation center's activity for education-based and system-focused simulation for 2 consecutive academic years (AY19: 2018-2019 and AY20: 2019-2020).

A lung for all: Novel mechanical ventilator for emergency and low-resource settings.

Aims: To create a low-cost ventilator that could be constructed with readily-available hospital equipment for use in emergency or low-resource settings.

Main Methods: The novel ventilator consists of an inspiratory limb composed of an elastic flow-inflating bag encased within a non-compliant outer sheath and an expiratory limb composed of a series of two, one-way bidirectional splitter valves derived from a self-inflating bag system. An Arduino Uno microcontroller controls a solenoid valve that can be programmed to open and close to produce a set respiratory rate and inspiratory time.

Just-in-Time Simulation to Guide Workflow Design for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Difficult Airway Management.

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has required that hospitals rapidly adapt workflows and processes to limit disease spread and optimize the care of critically ill children.

Design And Setting: As part of our institution's coronavirus disease 2019 critical care workflow design process, we developed and conducted a number of simulation exercises, increasing in complexity, progressing to intubation wearing personal protective equipment, and culminating in activation of our difficult airway team for an airway emergency.

Patients And Interventions: In situ simulations were used to identify and rework potential failure points to generate guidance for optimal airway management in coronavirus disease 2019 suspected or positive children.

Definitions and Assessment Approaches for Emergency Medical Services for Children.

Pediatric Life Support (PLS) courses and instructional programs are educational tools developed to teach resuscitation and stabilization of children who are critically ill or injured. A number of PLS courses have been developed by national professional organizations for different health care providers (eg, pediatricians, emergency physicians, other physicians, prehospital professionals, pediatric and emergency advanced practice nurses, physician assistants). PLS courses and programs have attempted to clarify and standardize assessment and treatment approaches for clinical practice in emergency, trauma, and critical care.

A 29-year-old with gunshot wound to the spine.

A mobile intensive care unit (MICU) was dispatched to transport a critically injured patient with a gunshot wound to the spine from a community hospital to a level I trauma center. The patient transported suffered from a gunshot wound to the left posterior midthoracic region. The patient experienced transient traumatic cardiac arrest before transfer.

Respect your elders. Special considerations for EMS response to geriatric patients.

A variety of chronic pathologies often come along with the aging process and are experienced by many patients in late adulthood. EMS providers must be aware of the various challenges of transporting the geriatric population. And although an emphasis is often placed on the physical and medical issues associated with this population, it's also imperative to look at the whole picture to help prevent issues before they become an emegent problem.