Nasal Nitric Oxide in Primary Immunodeficiency and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Helping to Distinguish Between Clinically Similar Diseases.

Purpose: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare disorder of the mucociliary clearance leading to recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections. PCD is difficult to clinically distinguish from other entities leading to recurrent oto-sino-pulmonary infections, including primary immunodeficiency (PID). Nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is a sensitive and specific diagnostic test for PCD, but it has not been thoroughly examined in PID.

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Longitudinal Study of Lung Disease by Ultrastructure Defect and Genotype.

Rationale: In primary ciliary dyskinesia, factors leading to disease heterogeneity are poorly understood.

Objectives: To describe early lung disease progression in primary ciliary dyskinesia and identify associations between ultrastructural defects and genotypes with clinical phenotype.

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal (5 yr), multicenter, observational study.

Yeast mRNA Poly(A) tail length control can be reconstituted in vitro in the absence of Pab1p-dependent Poly(A) nuclease activity.

Regulation of poly(A) tail length during mRNA 3'-end formation requires a specific poly(A)-binding protein in addition to the cleavage/polyadenylation machinery. The mechanism that controls polyadenylation in mammals is well understood and involves the nuclear poly(A)-binding protein PABPN1. In contrast, poly(A) tail length regulation is poorly understood in yeast.

Dual requirement for yeast hnRNP Nab2p in mRNA poly(A) tail length control and nuclear export.

Recent studies of mRNA export factors have provided additional evidence for a mechanistic link between mRNA 3'-end formation and nuclear export. Here, we identify Nab2p as a nuclear poly(A)-binding protein required for both poly(A) tail length control and nuclear export of mRNA. Loss of NAB2 expression leads to hyperadenylation and nuclear accumulation of poly(A)(+) RNA but, in contrast to mRNA export mutants, these defects can be uncoupled in a nab2 mutant strain.