Three-dimensional Rotational Angiography as a Periprocedural Imaging Tool in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation relies increasingly on three-dimensional (3D) visualisation tools to help guide an operator in performing a procedure safely and successfully. Current generation non-fluoroscopic navigation systems can be used as stand-alone tools, but also offer the capability to integrate information from additional imaging studies in order to enhance 3D model accuracy. Between available imaging modalities, 3D rotational angiography offers a set of interesting features such as near realtime availability, applicability in high-volume workflows, integration with other imaging systems (fluoroscopic or non-fluoroscopic) and very low incremental cost per procedure.

Complex biventricular pacing - a case series.

It is established that cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) reduces mortality and hospitalisation and improves functional class in patients with NYHA class 3-4 heart failure, an ejection fraction of ≤ 35% and a QRS duration of ≥ 120ms. Recent updates in the American guidelines have expanded the demographic of patients in whom CRT may be appropriate. Here we present two cases of complex CRT; one with a conventional indication but occluded central veins and the second with a novel indication for CRT post cardiac transplant.