Effectiveness of ceftazidime-avibactam versus ceftolozane-tazobactam for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in the USA (CACTUS): a multicentre, retrospective, observational study.

Background: Ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam are preferred treatment options for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections; however, real-world comparative effectiveness studies are scarce. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences between the agents might affect clinical response rates. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam for treatment of invasive multidrug-resistant P aeruginosa infections.

Disseminated histoplasmosis with oral involvement and co-infection with Pneumocystis in a patient with HIV: A case report.

Oral manifestations of disseminated histoplasmosis are rare but can present in immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of disseminated Histoplasmosis presenting with presumed oral involvement and pneumonia in a seropositive HIV individual. A 32-year-old male with HIV presented to the emergency department for a two-week history of abdominal pain and a tongue ulcer in the setting of significant weight loss, blood-tinged sputum, and non-adherence with antiretroviral therapy for three years.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Risk Assessment, Diagnostic Imaging, and Microbiological Evaluation in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People.

As the first part of an update to the clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the panel presents 21 updated recommendations. These recommendations span risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging of Suspected Acute Appendicitis in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People.

This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute appendicitis. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Utility of Blood Cultures in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People.

This article is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this guideline, the panel provides recommendations for obtaining blood cultures in patients with known or suspected intra-abdominal infection. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Utility of Intra-abdominal Fluid Cultures in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People.

This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for obtaining cultures of intra-abdominal fluid in patients with known or suspected intra-abdominal infection. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging of Suspected Acute Intra-abdominal Abscess in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People.

This article is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this article, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute intra-abdominal abscess. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Risk Assessment in Adults and Children.

This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides a recommendation for risk stratification according to severity of illness score. The panel's recommendation is based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adheres to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging of Suspected Acute Diverticulitis in Adults and Pregnant People.

This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute diverticulitis. The panel's recommendations are based on evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.

Review of the In Vitro Microbiological Activity of Mecillinam Against Common Uropathogens in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection: Focus on Resistant Pathogens.

Antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens commonly causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) is a growing problem internationally. Pivmecillinam, the oral prodrug of mecillinam, has been used for over 40 years, primarily in Northern Europe and Canada. It is recommended in several countries as a first-line agent for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs (uUTIs) and is now approved in the United States.

Clinical outcomes in patients infected with ertapenem-only-resistant Enterobacterales versus multi-carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales.

Background: Use of anti-carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (anti-CRE) agents such as ceftazidime/avibactam has been associated with improved clinical outcome in cohorts that primarily include patients infected with CRE that are resistant to meropenem (MCRE).

Objectives: To clarify whether patients with CRE resistant to ertapenem but susceptible to meropenem (ertapenem-only-resistant Enterobacterales; EORE) benefit from therapy with anti-CRE agents.

Methods: Patients treated for CRE infection in hospitals in the USA between 2016 and 2019 and enrolled in the CRACKLE-2 study were included.

Co-resistance Among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Urine Isolates from Female Outpatients with Presumed UTI: A Retrospective US Cohort Study.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales are a global health threat. There are limited surveillance data available to characterize the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among outpatients in the United States (US).

Methods: This retrospective cohort (database) study investigated co-resistance among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae urinary isolates from US female outpatients aged ≥ 12 years with presumed uncomplicated UTI (uUTI), ≥ 3 months of data (2011-2019), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

Unitary Tract Infection Treatment: When to Use What Agents including Beta-lactam Combination Agents.

In this study, the authors review antibiotic treatment options for both acute uncomplicated and complicated urinary tract infection (UTI). In addition, they also review regimens used in the setting of drug-resistant pathogens including vancomycin resistant Enterococcus, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterals, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterals and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas, which are encountered with increasing frequency.

A comparison of strategies for identifying patients at risk for carbapenem-resistant or extended β-lactam-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objectives: To assess risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CR) and extended-β-lactam-resistant P. aeruginosa (EBR) infection/colonization, and to develop and compare tools for predicting isolation of CR and EBR from clinical cultures.

Methods: This retrospective study analysed hospitalized patients with positive P.

Evidence of transmission of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing through a gastrointestinal endoscope without an elevator channel.

Objective: To investigate the source and transmission dynamics of an endoscope-associated New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing (NDM-KP) outbreak.

Design: Epidemiological and genomic investigation.

Setting: Academic acute care hospital in New Jersey.

Prevalence, regional distribution, and trends of antimicrobial resistance among female outpatients with urine Klebsiella spp. isolates: a multicenter evaluation in the United States between 2011 and 2019.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance research in uncomplicated urinary tract infection typically focuses on the main causative pathogen, Escherichia coli; however, little is known about the antimicrobial resistance burden of Klebsiella species, which can also cause uncomplicated urinary tract infections. This retrospective cohort study assessed the prevalence and geographic distribution of antimicrobial resistance among Klebsiella species and antimicrobial resistance trends for K. pneumoniae in the United States (2011-2019).

Exebacase in Addition to Standard-of-Care Antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections and Right-Sided Infective Endocarditis: A Phase 3, Superiority-Design, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial (DISRUPT).

Background: Novel treatments are needed for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, particularly for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Exebacase is a first-in-class antistaphylococcal lysin that is rapidly bactericidal and synergizes with antibiotics.

Determining Susceptibility and Potential Mediators of Resistance for the Novel Polymyxin Derivative, SPR206, in .

With the increase in carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) infections, there has been a resurgence in the use of polymyxins, specifically colistin (COL). Since the reintroduction of COL-based regimens in treating CRAB infections, several COL-resistant isolates have been identified, with the mechanism of resistance heavily linked with the loss of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer of the bacterial outer membrane through mutations in lpxACD genes or the operon. SPR206, a novel polymyxin derivative, has exhibited robust activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) .

Incidence and outcomes of hospital-associated respiratory virus infections by viral species.

Background: Although the incidence of hospital-associated respiratory virus infection (HARVI) is well recognized, the risk factors for infection and impact on patient outcomes are not well characterized.

Methods: We identified a cohort of all inpatient admissions ≥24 hours duration at a single academic medical center from 2017 to 2020. HARVI were defined as respiratory virus detected in a test ordered after the 95th percentile of the virus-specific incubation period.