Effects of the COVID-19 booster vaccine on glycemia and insulin resistance in people with type 1 diabetes: A prospective pilot study.

Aims: Inflammation can trigger hyperglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Vaccines purposefully intend to cause an acute immunogenic response, and booster vaccines may cause even more potent immunologic responses. However, the effects of vaccines on glycemic control and insulin requirements in the days immediately post-vaccination remains poorly understood.

Consensus and Equipose in the Management of Military Trainee Femoral Neck Stress Fractures: A Survey of Military Surgeons.

Background: Femoral neck stress fractures (FNSFs) are a unique injury pattern not commonly treated in the civilian trauma population; however, it is particularly high with military trainees engaged in basic combat training. To date, no study has surveyed a population of military orthopedic surgeons on treatment preferences for military service members (SMs) with FNSF.

Questions: We aim to evaluate the extent of clinical equipoise that exists in the management of these injuries, hypothesizing that there would be consensus in the factors dictating surgical and non-surgical intervention for FNSF.

Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Endothelial Inflammation.

The discovery of hypothalamic hormones propelled exciting advances in pharmacotherapy and improved life quality worldwide. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) is a crucial element in homeostasis maintenance, and regulates the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland. Accumulating evidence suggests that this neuropeptide can also promote malignancies, as well as inflammation.

The Subcapital Femoral Neck Stress Fracture: A Novel Subtype of Compression-sided Stress Fracture-A Report of Three Cases.

Femoral neck stress fractures (FNSFs) are increasingly common, particularly in military training. The usual mode of classifying these injuries is based on the involvement of the compression or tension side of the femoral neck; however, this may oversimplify and fail to address factors such as the orientation of the fracture line. We present a novel subtype of a compression-sided FNSF affecting the subcapital femoral neck and report the treatment outcomes in a military trainee population.

Pectoralis Major Tendon Tears During Airborne Operations: Are These Injuries Isolated?

Introduction: Pectoralis major tendon tears are an injury pattern often treated in military populations. Although the majority of pectoralis major tendon tears occur during eccentric loading as in bench press weightlifting, military service members may also experience this injury from a blunt injury and traction force produced by static line entanglement during airborne operations. Although these injuries rarely occur in isolation, associated injury patterns have not been investigated previously.

Surgically Treated Femoral Neck Stress Fractures Are Likely to Result in Military Separation During Basic Combat Training.

Background: Femoral neck stress fractures are a common condition affecting military service members, most noticeably during basic combat training. Previous studies have investigated the risk factors for femoral neck stress fracture development in basic trainees and outcomes associated with treatment; however, few studies have focused on operatively treated femoral neck stress fracture in the military trainee. Doing so would be important not only for the military, but also providers caring for athletes, such as distance runners, who have a heightened risk for femoral neck stress fracture development.

Femoral Neck Stress Fractures in Athletes and the Military.

➤: Femoral neck stress fractures (FNSFs) are an infrequent condition in athletic and military populations.

➤: A high index of suspicion with liberal use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is vital for early recognition and treatment initiation.

➤: An associated hip effusion on MRI is a risk factor for an evolving stress injury and requires close assessment and consideration for repeat MRI.

The Risk of Nonunion in Smokers Revisited: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systemic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To review and establish the effect of tobacco smoking on risk of nonunion following spinal fusion.

Methods: A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to December 31, 2020, was conducted.

Device profile of the sapphire X anterior cervical plate system: overview of its safety and efficacy.

The Sapphire X Anterior Cervical Plate System is a new medical device designed to provide stability after anterior discectomy and fusion procedures. It has unique benefits over many of the more established plates on the market. It is manufactured predominantly from titanium alloy and was first launched in late 2020.

Post-operative radiculitis following one or two level anterior lumbar surgery with or without posterior instrumentation.

The purpose of this study was to define risk factors for non-compression radiculitis following anterior lumbar surgery with or without posterior instrumentation and to define a time to resolution. In this study, we followed 58 consecutive patients who had anterior lumbar surgery with or without posterior instrumentation. We identified those with and without post-operative radiculitis.

Chronic Metabolic Acidosis Elicits Hypertension via Upregulation of Intrarenal Angiotensin II and Induction of Oxidative Stress.

Chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) can be a consequence of persistent hypertension but could potentially play a role in invoking hypertension. Currently, there is a scarcity of studies examining the outcome of induced chronic acidosis on blood pressure regulation. This study investigates CMA as a cause of hypertension.

Correlating Psychological Comorbidities and Outcomes After Spine Surgery.

Study Design: Literature review.

Objective: The aim of this literature review is to examine the effects of psychological disorders on postoperative complications, surgical outcomes, and long-term narcotic use. We also hope to detail the value of preoperative identification and treatment of these pathologies.

Medical Malpractice Claims and Mitigation Strategies Following Spine Surgery.

Study Design: Narrative review.

Objective: The aim of this narrative review is to examine trends in malpractice litigation arising from spine surgery. We also hope to detail mitigation strategies that surgeons can employ to decrease their risk of a claim.

High-Throughput Phenotyping Approach for Screening Major Carotenoids of Tomato by Handheld Raman Spectroscopy Using Chemometric Methods.

Our objective was to develop a rapid technique for the non-invasive profiling and quantification of major tomato carotenoids using handheld Raman spectroscopy combined with pattern recognition techniques. A total of 106 samples with varying carotenoid profiles were provided by the Ohio State University Tomato Breeding and Genetics program and Lipman Family Farms (Naples, FL, USA). Non-destructive measurement from the surface of tomatoes was performed by a handheld Raman spectrometer equipped with a 1064 nm excitation laser, and data analysis was performed using soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA)), artificial neural network (ANN), and partial least squares regression (PLSR) for classification and quantification purposes.

Vitamin C to pregnant smokers persistently improves infant airway function to 12 months of age: a randomised trial.

Background: Vitamin C (500 mg·day) supplementation for pregnant smokers has been reported to increase newborn pulmonary function and infant forced expiratory flows (FEFs) at 3 months of age. Its effect on airway function through 12 months of age has not been reported.

Objective: To assess whether vitamin C supplementation to pregnant smokers is associated with a sustained increased airway function in their infants through 12 months of age.

An Update on Wrong-Site Spine Surgery.

Study Design: Broad narrative review of current literature and adverse event databases.

Objective: The aim of this review is to report the current state of wrong-site spine surgery (WSSS), whether the Universal Protocol has affected the rate, and the current trends regarding WSSS.

Methods: An updated review of the current literature on WSSS, the Joint Commission sentinel event statistics database, and other state adverse event statistics database were performed.

Oral Vitamin C (500 mg/d) to Pregnant Smokers Improves Infant Airway Function at 3 Months (VCSIP). A Randomized Trial.

We reported a randomized trial demonstrating daily supplemental vitamin C to pregnant smokers significantly improved newborn pulmonary function tests. The current study tests these results in a new cohort using infant pulmonary function tests. To determine if infants of pregnant smokers randomized to daily supplemental vitamin C would have improved forced expiratory flows (FEFs) at 3 months of age compared with those randomized to placebo, and to investigate the association of the α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Hyperglycaemia induced by chronic i.p. and oral glucose loading leads to hypertension through increased Na retention in proximal tubule.

What is the central question of the study? Chronic glucose feeding accompanied by glucose injection (i.p.) causes sustained hyperglycaemia and hypertension in rats.

Vitamin C to Decrease the Effects of Smoking in Pregnancy on Infant Lung Function (VCSIP): Rationale, design, and methods of a randomized, controlled trial of vitamin C supplementation in pregnancy for the primary prevention of effects of in utero tobacco smoke exposure on infant lung function and respiratory health.

Despite strong anti-smoking efforts, at least 12% of American women cannot quit smoking when pregnant resulting in >450,000 smoke-exposed infants born yearly. Smoking during pregnancy is the largest preventable cause of childhood respiratory illness including wheezing and asthma. Recent studies have shown a protective effect of vitamin C supplementation on the lung function of offspring exposed to in utero smoke in a non-human primate model and an initial human trial.

Diabetes-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species: Mechanism of Their Generation and Role in Renal Injury.

Diabetes induces the onset and progression of renal injury through causing hemodynamic dysregulation along with abnormal morphological and functional nephron changes. The most important event that precedes renal injury is an increase in permeability of plasma proteins such as albumin through a damaged glomerular filtration barrier resulting in excessive urinary albumin excretion (UAE). Moreover, once enhanced UAE begins, it may advance renal injury from progression of abnormal renal hemodynamics, increased glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness, mesangial expansion, extracellular matrix accumulation, and glomerulosclerosis to eventual end-stage renal damage.

The Effects of Smoking and Smoking Cessation on Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

 Literature review.  The aim of this literature review was to detail the effects of smoking in spine surgery and examine whether perioperative smoking cessation could mitigate these risks.  A review of the relevant literature examining the effects of smoking and cessation on surgery was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases.

The Effects of Obesity on Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Study Design Literature review. Objective The aim of this literature review is to examine the effects of obesity on postoperative complications and functional outcomes after spine surgery. Methods A review of the relevant literature examining the effects of obesity and spine surgery was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases.