Lumbar discal cyst as a cause of radiculopathy: case report.

Lumbar discal cysts are rare entities causing radicular pain with unknown etiologies. We report a case of a 42-year-old man who developed radiculopathy secondary to a lumbar discal cyst. Our case sheds some light on anatomy, possible etiological association and clinical course which can help management.

Shift toward Mechanical Isolation of Adipose-derived Stromal Vascular Fraction: Review of Upcoming Techniques.

Unlabelled: Standard isolation of adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) requires the use of collagenase and is considered more than "minimally manipulated" by current good manufacturing practice requirements. Alternatively, nonenzymatic isolation methods have surfaced using physical forces to separate cells from the adipose matrix. The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the use of mechanical isolation protocols and compare the results.

Characterizing familial corticobasal syndrome due to Alzheimer's disease pathology and PSEN1 mutations.

Introduction: Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) resulting from genetic Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been described only once. Whether familial CBS-AD is a distinct clinical entity with its own imaging signature remains unknown.

Methods: Four individuals with CBS from two families underwent detailed assessment.

Explicitly Unraveling the Roles of Counterions, Solvent Molecules, and Electron Correlation in Solution Phase Reaction Pathways.

Studies utilizing continuum solvation methods can sometimes omit critically important solute-solvent interactions, while explicitly sampling full solution phase mechanisms accurately with Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) is computationally costly. In this work, we benchmark components for an alternative IRCMax-like procedure for refined analyses of electronic energies along reaction pathways. The procedure involves obtaining molecular clusters from nudged elastic band calculations for use in mixed explicit-continuum models.

PTSD, alcohol dependence, and conduct problems: Distinct pathways via lability and disinhibition.

This study tested the role of affect lability and disinhibition in mediating associations between PTSD symptoms and two forms of alcohol-related problems, dependence syndrome symptoms (e.g., impaired control over consumption) and conduct problems (e.

Structural and Substituent Group Effects on Multielectron Standard Reduction Potentials of Aromatic N-Heterocycles.

Aromatic N-heterocycles have been used in electrochemical CO2 reduction, but their precise role is not yet fully understood. We used first-principles quantum chemistry to determine how the molecular sizes and substituent groups of these molecules affect their standard redox potentials involving various proton and electron transfers. We then use that data to generate molecular Pourbaix diagrams to find the electrochemical conditions at which the aromatic N-heterocycle molecules could participate in multiproton and electron shuttling in accordance with the Sabatier principle.

Standard redox potentials, pKs, and hydricities of inorganic complexes under electrochemical conditions and implications for CO reduction.

We use computational chemistry to systematically study the thermodynamic stabilities of protonated and reduced intermediate states for Ru(2,2'-bipyridine), Ru(1,10-phenanthroline), and Ru(phen)(pyrido[3',4':5,6] pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline) in aqueous solutions. Following our previous studies of aromatic N-heterocycle molecules, we report pKs, standard redox potentials, and hydricities as well as computationally derived Pourbaix diagrams that show which states would be thermodynamically stable at different conditions of pH and applied potential. Locations of added electrons within ligands and complexes after reductions are also shown with electron density difference plots.

Tobacco User Characteristics and Outcomes Related to Intensity of Quitline Program Use: Results From Minnesota and Pennsylvania.

Context: Tobacco users in all 50 states have access to quitline telephone counseling and cessation medications. While studies show multiple calls relate to quit success, most participants do not complete a full call series. To date, quitline program use studies have analyzed single factors-such as number of calls or counseling minutes.

Immune dysregulation in patients with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: Analysis of FOXP3 regulatory T cells.

Background: Patients with heterozygous germline mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) experience autoimmunity and lymphoid hyperplasia.

Objectives: Because regulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is critical for maintaining regulatory T (Treg) cell functions, we investigate Treg cells in patients with heterozygous germline PTEN mutations (PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome [PHTS]).

Methods: Patients with PHTS were assessed for immunologic conditions, lymphocyte subsets, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) Treg cell levels, and phenotype.

Children with autism spectrum disorder have reduced otoacoustic emissions at the 1 kHz mid-frequency region.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally diagnosed disorder of early onset characterized by impairment in social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Some of the earliest signs of ASD involve auditory processing, and a recent study found that hearing thresholds in children with ASD in the mid-range frequencies were significantly related to receptive and expressive language measures. In addition, otoacoustic emissions have been used to detect reduced cochlear function in the presence of normal audiometric thresholds.

Mechanistic examination of aerobic Pt oxidation: insertion of molecular oxygen into Pt-H bonds through a radical chain mechanism.

DFT calculations were performed in an effort to evaluate the mechanism of O2 insertion into the Pt-H bond of Tp(Me2)Pt(IV)Me2H catalyzed by AIBN or light. Results are consistent with a radical chain mechanism involving H˙ loss to form a Pt(III)˙ species followed by addition of O2 to form Pt(III)OO˙. Subsequent radical propagation involving this Pt(III)OO˙ species and an additional equivalent of the Pt(IV) starting material result in the formation of the observed Pt(IV)OOH and regeneration of the Pt(III)˙.

Do risk calculators accurately predict surgical site occurrences?

Introduction: Current risk assessment models for surgical site occurrence (SSO) and surgical site infection (SSI) after open ventral hernia repair (VHR) have limited external validation. Our aim was to determine (1) whether existing models stratify patients into groups by risk and (2) which model best predicts the rate of SSO and SSI.

Methods: Patients who underwent open VHR and were followed for at least 1 mo were included.

Correction: Ligand K-edge XAS, DFT, and TDDFT analysis of pincer linker variations in Rh(i) PNP complexes: reactivity insights from electronic structure.

Correction for 'Ligand K-edge XAS, DFT, and TDDFT analysis of pincer linker variations in Rh(i) PNP complexes: reactivity insights from electronic structure' by Jason M. Keith, Scott R. Daly, et al.

YouTube is the Most Frequently Used Educational Video Source for Surgical Preparation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate surgical preparation methods of medical students, residents, and faculty with special attention to video usage.

Design: Following Institutional Review Board approval, anonymous surveys were distributed to participants. Information collected included demographics and surgical preparation methods, focusing on video usage.

Ligand K-edge XAS, DFT, and TDDFT analysis of pincer linker variations in Rh(i) PNP complexes: reactivity insights from electronic structure.

Here we report P K-edge, Cl K-edge, and Rh L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data for Rh[C5H3N-2,6-(XP(t)Bu2)2]Cl, where X = O ((tBu)PONOP; ) or CH2 ((tBu)PNP; ). Solid-state XAS data for and were compared to density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations to identify how changing the PNP pincer linker from O to CH2 affected electronic structure and bonding at Rh(i). Pronounced differences in XAS peak intensities and energies were observed.

The SAR of brain penetration for a series of heteroaryl urea FAAH inhibitors.

The SAR of brain penetration for a series of heteroaryl piperazinyl- and piperadinyl-urea fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors is described. Brain/plasma (B/P) ratios ranging from >4:1 to as low as 0.02:1 were obtained through relatively simple structural changes to various regions of the heteroaryl urea scaffold.

C9orf72 isoforms in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration.

A hexanucleotide (G4C2) repeat expansion in the 5' non-coding region C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Three modes of toxicity have been proposed: gain of function through formation of RNA foci and sequestration of RNA binding proteins; expression of dipeptide repeat proteins generated by repeat-associated non-ATG translation; and loss of function due to C9orf72 haploinsufficiency. Much is known about the proposed gain of function mechanisms, but there is little knowledge of the normal function of C9orf72 and the cellular consequences if its activity is perturbed.

A Single Amino Acid Difference between Mouse and Human 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein (FLAP) Explains the Speciation and Differential Pharmacology of Novel FLAP Inhibitors.

5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) plays a critical role in the metabolism of arachidonic acid to leukotriene A4, the precursor to the potent pro-inflammatory mediators leukotriene B4 and leukotriene C4 Studies with small molecule inhibitors of FLAP have led to the discovery of a drug binding pocket on the protein surface, and several pharmaceutical companies have developed compounds and performed clinical trials. Crystallographic studies and mutational analyses have contributed to a general understanding of compound binding modes. During our own efforts, we identified two unique chemical series.

Sublay versus underlay in open ventral hernia repair.

Background: The ideal location for mesh placement in open ventral hernia repair (OVHR) remains under debate. Current trends lean toward underlay or sublay repair. We hypothesize that in patients undergoing OVHR, sublay versus underlay placement of mesh results in fewer surgical site infections (SSIs) and recurrences.

Innate Lymphocyte/Ly6C(hi) Monocyte Crosstalk Promotes Klebsiella Pneumoniae Clearance.

Increasing antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens has rendered some infections untreatable with available antibiotics. Klebsiella pneumoniae, a bacterial pathogen that has acquired high-level antibiotic resistance, is a common cause of pulmonary infections. Optimal clearance of K.

TLR-7 activation enhances IL-22-mediated colonization resistance against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus.

Antibiotic administration can disrupt the intestinal microbiota and down-regulate innate immune defenses, compromising colonization resistance against orally acquired bacterial pathogens. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), a major cause of antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitalized patients, thrives in the intestine when colonization resistance is compromised, achieving extremely high densities that can lead to bloodstream invasion and sepsis. Viral infections, by mechanisms that remain incompletely defined, can stimulate resistance against invading bacterial pathogens.

Preclinical Characterization of the FAAH Inhibitor JNJ-42165279.

The pre-clinical characterization of the aryl piperazinyl urea inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) JNJ-42165279 is described. JNJ-42165279 covalently inactivates the FAAH enzyme, but is highly selective with regard to other enzymes, ion channels, transporters, and receptors. JNJ-42165279 exhibited excellent ADME and pharmacodynamic properties as evidenced by its ability to block FAAH in the brain and periphery of rats and thereby cause an elevation of the concentrations of anandamide (AEA), oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoyl ethanolamide (PEA).