Anger and associated risk and protective factors among rural American adolescents: Implications for violence prevention.

Background: Adolescent violence in the United States is a prevalent public health problem and is understudied in rural settings. Anger is a significant risk factor for adolescent violence. To better craft adolescent violence interventions, it is important to examine anger and identify its most significant associated factors.

A Scoping Review of Bystander-Based Sexual Violence Prevention Training for College Students in Fraternities and Sororities.

Bystander-based sexual violence (SV) prevention trainings are offered on college campuses across the United States to meet federal Title IX requirements, as they have proven to be an effective strategy for violence prevention. Greek-affiliated students (fraternity and sorority members) are at a higher risk of sexual assault than their peers; however, few trainings consider the specific needs of this population, and program adaptations for this high-risk group may be needed. This scoping review identifies and describes the bystander trainings delivered to Greek-affiliated students in the US and Canada.

Pre-COVID Trends in Substance Use Disorders and Treatment Utilization During Pregnancy in West Virginia 2016-2019.

Access to prenatal care offers the opportunity for providers to assess for substance use disorders (SUDs) and to offer important treatment options, but utilization of treatment during pregnancy has been difficult to measure. This study presents pre-COVID trends of a subset of SUD diagnosis at the time of delivery and related trends in treatment utilization during pregnancy. A retrospective cohort design was used for the analysis of West Virginia Medicaid claims data from 2016 to 2019.

Subjective Sleep Quality, Caffeine, and Dieting Behaviors Among University-Attending Young Adults.

Background: Research has shown that university students engage in behaviors that are associated with poor sleep quality, such as higher caffeine and alcohol intake. Yet studies exploring eating habits and weight loss mechanisms related to sleep quality have generally been inconclusive. This study explored total daily caffeine consumption (along with different sources of caffeine) as well as dieting and exercising to lose weight in the last 30 days as risk factors for poor sleep quality among an undergraduate university population.

Association of Loneliness and Mindfulness in Substance Use Treatment Retention.

Elevated mental illness prevalence complicates efforts designed to address the opioid crisis in Appalachia. The recovery community acknowledges that loneliness impacts mood and engagement in care factors; however, the predictive relationship between loneliness and retention in medication-assisted outpatient treatment programs has not been explored. Our objectives were to identify associations between mental health factors and retention in treatment and elucidate treatment retention odds.

Assessing Loneliness among Adults Receiving Outpatient Treatment with Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD).

Loneliness is a significant risk factor for substance use, however, impacts of treatments on loneliness are relatively unexplored. Living in a rural location is a greater risk factor for loneliness. This study examined data from a quasi-experimental study in rural Appalachia, comparing the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) versus Treatment as Usual (TAU) among adults receiving MOUD in outpatient therapy.

A Profile of Students Who Reported Mask Mandates Violate Civil Liberties during COVID-19.

In this paper, we explore differences in demographics, mask wearing attitudes and behaviors, and vaccination perceptions among students who reported that mask mandates violate their civil liberties compared to those who did not. Participants completed an online survey in April 2021 (N=619). Students who reported that mask mandates violate their civil liberties were more likely to identify as male, report good health, attend in-person classes, and less likely to report being vaccinated (p<.

A theoretical model of college students' sleep quality and health-related quality of life.

Poor sleep confers significant morbidities and is highly prevalent among college students in the United States. This research assessed sleep quality and its association with health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Further, because sleep quality research often lacks a theoretical foundation, we applied a theoretical model using selected constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Belief Model (HBM).

The Relationship Between Sexual Assault, Intimate Partner Violence, and Eating Disorder Symptomatology Among College Students.

This study examined the interrelationship of intimate partner violence (IPV), sexual assault (SA), and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology among a sample of college students ( = 1,580). Students reporting a history of SA were 2.5 times more likely to screen positively for further ED assessment.

Testing Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention with Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Among Adults in Outpatient Therapy: a Quasi-experimental Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) with individuals receiving medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in a naturalistic, open-ended outpatient group treatment setting.

Methods: Eighty participants (mean age 36.3) who had at least 90 consecutive days substance free self-selected into treatment (MBRP,  = 35) or comparison groups (treatment as usual, TAU,  = 45).

Observed Face Mask Use at Six Universities - United States, September-November 2020.

Approximately 41% of adults aged 18-24 years in the United States are enrolled in a college or university (1). Wearing a face mask can reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2), and many colleges and universities mandate mask use in public locations and outdoors when within six feet of others. Studies based on self-report have described mask use ranging from 69.

Life satisfaction among a clinical eating disorder population.

Background: The primary objective was to understand life satisfaction (LS) of patients with eating disorders (EDs) in relation to eating pathology severity, personal/familial ED history, and key demographic and anthropometric variables.

Methods: Participants ( = 60) completed the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Eating Pathology Severity Index (EPSI), and demographic questionnaires. Bivariate associations via correlations and multiple linear regression models were used to explore these relationships.

Can a Multilevel STI/HIV Prevention Strategy for High Risk African American Adolescents Improve Life Satisfaction?

Addressing adolescent sexual risk behaviors in the STI/HIV prevention literature is well documented; however, impacts from interventions on life satisfaction are relatively unexplored. This study examined data (n = 1658) from a randomized, multi-site, multi-level STI/HIV prevention intervention trial (Project iMPAACS) to determine whether increased protective and reduced sexual risk-taking behaviors associated with STI/HIV would also improve self-reported life satisfaction. Taking into account the nested study design and controlling for confounders, a mixed model ANOVA was performed where Total mean life satisfaction scores were analyzed at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post-recruitment.

Impacts of Coal Use on Health.

This article reviews evidence for the public health impacts of coal across the extraction, processing, use, and waste disposal continuum. Surface coal mining and processing impose public health risks on residential communities through air and water pollution. Burning coal in power plants emits more nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and heavy metals per unit of energy than any other fuel source and impairs global public health.

Does Initiating Vaginal Sexual Intercourse During a Safer Sex Media Campaign Influence Life Satisfaction Among African American Adolescents?

Purpose: Addressing adolescent sexual risk behaviors in the STI/HIV prevention literature is well documented; however, intervention impacts on life satisfaction are relatively unexplored. This study is a secondary analysis of data (N = 1,658) from a randomized, multisite, multilevel safer sex media campaign (Project iMPPACS) analyzing life satisfaction across baseline and follow-up data collected from 2006 to 2008 among participants (mean age 15.08 years) who reported never having had vaginal sex at baseline (n = 787).

An exploratory study on the intergenerational transmission of dieting proneness within an eating disorder population.

Unlabelled: An Exploratory Study on the Intergenerational Transmission of Dieting Proneness within an Eating Disorder Population (IRB Protocol Number: 160928271).

Purpose: Parents and families are not the sole factor in eating disorder (ED) development and their involvement in recovery is crucial. However, parents provide a social and environmental context for a child's eating and weight that cannot be completely discounted.

A Latent Class Analysis of the Co-occurrence of Risk Behaviors among Adolescents.

In this study, we examined the co-occurrence of multiple health-risk behaviors to determine whether there are any differences in the pattern of co-occurrence by sex. We conducted latent class analysis using the national 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data for the overall sample, and separately by sex (N = 13,583). Over half of the sample (53%) belonged to the low risk subgroup (Class 1).

School Climate and Academic Achievement in Middle and High School Students.

Background: Emergent evidence suggests a positive school climate may be a promising population-level intervention to promote academic achievement and student well-being. However, researchers have called for expanding the school climate evidence-base to better describe how the construct is associated with student outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between 10 school climate domains and academic achievement among middle and high school students.

Eating disorders and academic performance among college students.

: There is a paucity of research exploring eating disorders (EDs) and academic performance (AP). This study aimed to understand the effect of ED treatment on AP, hypothesizing that students receiving treatment for EDs would have a higher GPA. The Spring 2010 - Spring 2011 National College Health Assessment data ( = 231,586) was utilized.

Is the Brief Multidimensional Student's Life Satisfaction Scale Valid and Reliable for African American Adolescents?

Background: Health promotion/education strive to promote healthful conditions that improve quality of life based on the perceptions of those whose lives are affected. Though health promotion/education might have instrumental value in reducing risks for premature morbidity and mortality, their ultimate value lies in contributions to quality of life. Life satisfaction (LS) has been defined as an individual's assessment of their quality of life based upon personal criteria and linked to adolescent health risk behaviors and developmental assets.

Waking up every day in a body that is not yours: a qualitative research inquiry into the intersection between eating disorders and pregnancy.

Background: Women with eating disorders are more likely to negatively react to finding out they are pregnant, although this difference in attitudes between women with eating disorders and controls disappears at 18-weeks' gestation. Those with anorexia also are twice as likely to have an unplanned pregnancy and those with bulimia have a 30-fold increased chance compared with healthy controls. Therefore, due to these considerations, pregnancy and the transition to motherhood can be an extremely challenging time for these women both psychologically and physically.

An exploratory study on the intergenerational transmission of obesity and dieting proneness.

Purpose: There is a paucity of research exploring individuals' memories of parental dieting behavior, engagement in "fat talk", or criticism of weight or eating behavior in childhood. This exploratory study utilized a community sample to further characterize the retrospective report of parenting dieting behavior.

Methods: A total of 507 participants (78.

Perceptions of Harm From Substance Use and Social Self-Efficacy Among Early Adolescents.

Researchers examined the association between perceptions of harm from substance use and social self-efficacy (SSE) in a sample of early adolescents in public middle schools ( n = 4,122). One-way analysis of covariance and post hoc tests were used to assess the relationships between perceptions of harm from tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use and SSE while controlling for the effects of grade, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. Effect sizes were calculated from the post hoc comparisons to estimate practical importance.