Commercialization challenges for drug eluting contact lenses.

Introduction: Eye drops are commonly used for delivering ophthalmic drugs despite many deficiencies including low bioavailability and poor compliance. Contact lenses can deliver drugs with high bioavailability but commercial contacts release drug rapidly, limiting benefits and necessitating modifications to improve the drug release characteristics.

Areas Covered: This review covers the common approaches to prolong the release rates of drugs from contact lenses including molecular imprinting, incorporation of nano/microparticles, vitamin-E barriers, and layered/implant contact lenses.

The nucleus is irreversibly shaped by motion of cell boundaries in cancer and non-cancer cells.

Actomyosin stress fibers impinge on the nucleus and can exert compressive forces on it. These compressive forces have been proposed to elongate nuclei in fibroblasts, and lead to abnormally shaped nuclei in cancer cells. In these models, the elongated or flattened nuclear shape is proposed to store elastic energy.