Simultaneous determination of glucose and albumin in human urine using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

The ability to quantify albuminuria and glucose is important in identifying conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and diabetes. This study utilized Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze aqueous urine samples spiked with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glucose at different concentrations. The aim was to determine the limit of detection of the technology using aqueous samples for the future development of a pathological prediction model.

Stepwise hydration and multibody deprotonation with steep negative temperature dependence in the benzene.+ -water system.

We studied the stepwise hydration and solvent-mediated deprotonation of the benzene*+ cation (Bz*+) and found several unusual features. The solvent binding energies DeltaH on-1,n for the reactions Bz*+(H2O)n-1 + H2O --> Bz*+(H2O)n are nearly constant at 9 +/- 1 kcal mol-1 for n = 1 to 8. We observed a remarkable sudden decrease in the entropy of association accompanying the formation of Bz*+(H2O)7 and Bz*+(H2O)8, indicating strong orientational restraint in the hydration shells of these clusters consistent with the formation of cagelike structures.