Evaluation of Oxathiapiprolin for the Management of Sunflower Downy Mildew.

Downy mildew is a yield-limiting disease of sunflower, caused by the pathogen . Zoospore infection of root tissue shortly after planting results in systemic infection, causing postemergence damping off or severe stunting and head sterility. Although fungicide-applied seed treatments can be an effective management tool, the pathogen is resistant to phenylamide fungicides in many growing regions, and other available fungicides have limited efficacy.

Intraspecific variation influences natural settlement of eastern oysters.

As populations decline, their intraspecific diversity also diminishes. Population decline may be exacerbated if a decrease in intraspecific diversity also reduces important ecological functions that maintain population numbers. Oyster reefs are severely overharvested, declining by ~85 % worldwide.