Retrospective Optimization of the Hawkeye Orbital Fracture Prioritization and Evaluation Algorithms for Triaging Ophthalmic Care.

Objectives: Many orbital fracture patients are transferred to tertiary care centers for immediate ophthalmology consultation, though few require urgent ophthalmic evaluation or intervention. This overutilizes limited resources and overburdens patients and the health care system with travel and emergency department (ED) expenses. A simple, easy-to-use, clinical decision-making tool is needed to aid local EDs and triage services in effectively identifying orbital fracture patients who need urgent ophthalmic evaluation.

Quantitative Assessment of Subjective Symptoms and Corneal Sensitivity in Chronic Orbital Pain Patients.

Purpose: To objectively evaluate the subjective symptoms and characteristics of chronic orbital pain as well as to quantify sensitization of peripheral trigeminal nerves.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients who previously showed a response to peripheral trigeminal nerve blocks for unilateral, idiopathic chronic orbital pain and healthy subjects completed validated questionnaires assessing headaches, neuropathic signs and symptoms, photophobia, and pain qualities. Corneal sensitivity was measured in both eyes for all subjects with a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer.

Frequency and Patterns of Hearing Dysfunction in Patients Treated with Teprotumumab.

Purpose: To better characterize the frequency and patterns of hearing dysfunction in patients who have received teprotumumab to treat thyroid eye disease.

Design: Noncomparative case series.

Participants: Patients who underwent audiology testing before and after completion of teprotumumab infusions.

Echographic characterization of extraocular muscles in pediatric patients with thyroid dysfunction.

Purpose: To characterize the size of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in a pediatric population with thyroid dysfunction using orbital echography.

Methods: Patients under age 18 with thyroid dysfunction who presented to an academic ophthalmology department from 2009 to 2020 and received orbital echography were included in this IRB-approved retrospective study. Data collected included age, clinical activity score (CAS), thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), and extraocular recti muscle thickness on echography.

Misdiagnosis of fungal infections of the orbit.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the initial diagnosis in the case of fungal infections of the orbit and identify factors that may influence patient outcomes.

Methods: An institutional review board-approved retrospective chart review was conducted across 2 large academic centres to identify cases of fungal infections involving the orbit from January 1, 1998, to November 15, 2019. Data collected included patient demographics, past medical history, examination findings, diagnosis, treatment, imaging, and outcomes.

Advancing Inclusive Research: Establishing Collaborative Strategies to Improve Diversity in Clinical Trials.

Well-characterized disparities in clinical research have disproportionately affected patients of color, particularly in underserved communities. To tackle these barriers, Genentech formed the External Council for Advancing Inclusive Research, a 14-person committee dedicated to developing strategies to increase clinical research participation. To help improve the recruitment and retention of patients of color, this article chronicles our efforts to tangibly address the clinical research barriers at the system, study, and patient levels over the last four years.

Trends in horizontal periocular asymmetry.

Objective: To determine whether there is laterality predominance in the horizontal dimensions of the periocular region.

Design: Retrospective study.

Participants: Patients >18 years of age who presented to a single academic ophthalmology department.

The Effect of Sleep Position Preference on Eyelid and Eyebrow Symmetry.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between sleep position preference and eyebrow and eyelid position and degree of upper eyelid dermatochalasis.

Methods: A prospective study evaluating the impact of sleep position on facial asymmetry was conducted at an academic ophthalmology department. Eligibility criteria included the absence of periocular-altering trauma or surgery, contact lens use, or other periorbital disease processes.

Revision orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease.

Objective: To compare the indications, surgical techniques and outcomes for revision orbital decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease in open, endoscopic, and combined open and endoscopic approaches.

Methods: A retrospective review of all revision orbital decompression procedures for thyroid eye disease from a single large academic institution over a 17-year period (01/01/2004-01/01/2021) was performed. Patient demographics, as well as indications and types of surgery were reviewed.

Challenging the current treatment of residual postoperative ptosis: safety and efficacy of repeat Müller's muscle conjunctival resection.

Objective: To determine if repeat Müller's muscle conjunctival resection (MMCR) is a viable approach in the treatment of recurrent or residual eyelid ptosis.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent repeat MMCR was performed using external photos obtained preoperatively, postoperatively, and at last follow-up. The marginal reflex distances (MRD1 and MRD2), brow position (BP), and tarsal platform show (TPS) were evaluated with digital image analysis.

A direct transcutaneous approach to infraorbital nerve biopsy.

Purpose: To describe a novel transcutaneous infraorbital nerve biopsy technique which can be performed to aid in the diagnosis of perineural invasion (PNI) of facial cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods: A single-center retrospective chart review was performed. Patients diagnosed with SCC with PNI via an infraorbital nerve biopsy between February 2019 and February 2020 were included.

Performance of passive case detection for malaria surveillance: results from nine countries in Mesoamerica and the Dominican Republic.

Background: In malaria elimination settings, available metrics for malaria surveillance have been insufficient to measure the performance of passive case detection adequately. An indicator for malaria suspected cases with malaria test (MSCT) is proposed to measure the rate of testing on persons presenting to health facilities who satisfy the definition of a suspected malaria case. This metric does not rely on prior knowledge of fever prevalence, seasonality, or external denominators, and can be used to compare detection rates in suspected cases within and between countries, including across settings with different levels of transmission.

The Effect of Photographic Visual Aids in Preoperative Patient Counseling in Oculoplastic Surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of visual supplementation and its mode of delivery in preoperative counseling of patients undergoing oculoplastic surgery.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial of consecutive patients undergoing oculoplastic eyebrow and eyelid surgery was conducted. Patients were randomized to an "oral only" group receiving routine preoperative oral counseling or an "oral and visual" group receiving identical counseling visually supplemented with photographs demonstrating common postoperative physical findings.

Histochemical Analysis of Glaucoma Caused by a Myocilin Mutation in a Human Donor Eye.

Objective: Mutations in myocilin ( may cause either juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG) or adult-onset primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). encodes a glycoprotein that is normally secreted from trabecular meshwork cells that regulate intraocular pressure. Prior transgenic rodent, and organ culture experiments have suggested that abnormal accumulation of MYOC protein within trabecular meshwork cells is a key step in glaucoma pathophysiology.

Tranexamic Acid: Promise or Panacea: The Impact of Air Medical Administration of Tranexamic Acid on Morbidity, Mortality, and Length of Stay.

The MATTERs and CRASH-2 studies demonstrate that tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces mortality in patients with traumatic hemorrhage. However, their results, conducted in foreign countries and with U.S.

Upper Eyelid Splitting to Facilitate the Insertion of Glaucoma Drainage Devices.

Purpose: To describe a new application for vertical splitting of the upper eyelid, a technique traditionally used for orbital access, to facilitate glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation in patients with poor surgical exposure.

Methods: Case series.

Cases: We present a case of Möbius syndrome with complete restriction of the extraocular muscles, followed by a case of cicatricial narrowing of the palpebral fissures due to chronic allergic dermatitis.

Hering's Law in Congenital Ptosis: Evaluation of the Contralateral Response to Unilateral Congenital Ptosis Repair.

Purpose: To determine the applicability and clinical relevance of Hering's law for the eyelids in cases of congenital ptosis.

Methods: A retrospective chart review and digital photograph analysis of patients who underwent unilateral congenital ptosis repair at a tertiary, university-based, Oculoplastics clinic was conducted. Pre- and postoperative eyelid height (marginal reflex distance), upper eyelid symmetry, and brow position were determined using ImageJ analysis software.

Scleral Contact Lenses in an Academic Oculoplastics Clinic: Epidemiology and Emerging Considerations.

Purpose: To describe the role and efficacy of scleral contact lenses (SCLs) in the treatment of progressive keratopathy in patients who have undergone periocular surgical procedures, to investigate the financial impact of these surgical interventions, and to demonstrate the role of oculoplastic surgery in improving scleral contact lens fit.

Methods: A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify patients who both received SCLs and were examined by the oculoplastics service at the University of Iowa between January 1990 and December 2015. Inclusion criteria also required a minimum of 12 months of patient follow up after being fit with a SCL.

Rethinking Our Definition of Postoperative Success: A Comparative Analysis of Three Upper Eyelid Retraction Repair Techniques Using Novel Metrics to Capture Functional and Aesthetic Outcomes.

Purpose: To compare 3 upper eyelid retraction repair techniques and introduce novel metrics, which enhance the analysis of postoperative aesthetic outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective review with Image J 1.48 digital analysis of patients who underwent repair of thyroid-related upper eyelid retraction at the University of Iowa from 1996 to 2014 via 1 of 3 surgical techniques, septum-opening levator recession with Muellerectomy, modified septum-preserving levator recession with Muellerectomy, and modified septum-preserving full-thickness blepharotomy, was conducted.

Continued Sensitivity of to Artemisinin in Guyana, With Absence of Kelch Propeller Domain Mutant Alleles.

Because of concerns about possible emergence of artemisinin resistance strains of in mining areas of the interior of Guyana, a 7-day artesunate trial was conducted from March to December 2014. The day-3 parasite clearance rate, the efficacy of artesunate at day 28, and polymorphism of Kelch 13 ()-the marker of artemisinin resistance-were assessed. The study confirmed the continued sensitivity of to artemisinin.