Quantum Annealing for Prime Factorization.

We have developed a framework to convert an arbitrary integer factorization problem to an executable Ising model by first writing it as an optimization function then transforming the k-bit coupling (k ≥ 3) terms to quadratic terms using ancillary variables. Our resource-efficient method uses [Formula: see text] binary variables (qubits) for finding the factors of an integer N. We present how to factorize 15, 143, 59989, and 376289 using 4, 12, 59, and 94 logical qubits, respectively.

Endotoxin inactivation via steam-heat treatment in dilute simethicone emulsions used in biopharmaceutical processes.

Simethicone emulsion is used to regulate foaming in cell culture operations in biopharmaceutical processes. It is also a potential source of endotoxin contamination. The inactivation of endotoxins in dilute simethicone emulsions was assessed as a function of time at different steam temperatures using a Limulus amebocyte lysate kinetic chromogenic technique.

Excipient effects on humanized monoclonal antibody interactions with silicone oil emulsions.

The interfacial adsorption of three humanized monoclonal antibodies to emulsions of microdroplets of silicone oil was examined using indirect measurement via integrated peak areas in size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatograms. The level of silicone oil far exceeded the typical levels used in prefillable syringes. The three antibodies rapidly adsorbed to silicone oil-water interfaces in various buffer formulations.