Clinicopathological features of early-onset colorectal cancer in Japanese patients: a single-center retrospective study.

Background: The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EoCRC), defined as CRC diagnosed at < 50 years of age, is increasing globally. However, only a few studies are reported from Japan, and the clinicopathological features of EoCRC in Japanese patients remain unknown.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated consecutive Japanese patients who were pathologically diagnosed with invasive CRC at our hospital from January 2015 to December 2021.

Stochastic ray tracing for Fresnel diffraction.

We propose stochastic ray tracing for laser beam propagation in Fresnel diffraction to find the duality between wave and ray representations. We transform from the Maxwell equations to the Schrödinger equation for a monochromatic laser beam in the slowly varying envelope approximation. The stochastic ray tracing method interprets this Schrödinger equation as a stochastic process, of an analogy of Nelson's stochastic mechanics.