Self-learning path integral hybrid Monte Carlo with mixed ab initio and machine learning potentials for modeling nuclear quantum effects in water.

The introduction of machine learned potentials (MLPs) has greatly expanded the space available for studying Nuclear Quantum Effects computationally with ab initio path integral (PI) accuracy, with the MLPs' promise of an accuracy comparable to that of ab initio at a fraction of the cost. One of the challenges in development of MLPs is the need for a large and diverse training set calculated by ab initio methods. This dataset should ideally cover the entire phase space, while not searching this space using ab initio methods, as this would be counterproductive and generally intractable with respect to computational time.

Role of long non‑coding RNA leucine‑rich repeat containing 75 A‑antisense RNA1 in the invasion and progression of renal cell carcinoma.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve pivotal roles in cancer biology. The present study investigated the oncogenic roles of lncRNAs in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and their potential as prognostic biomarkers. The lncRNA leucine‑rich repeat containing 75 A‑antisense RNA1 (LRRC75A‑AS1) was identified through lncRNA microarray as a potential lncRNA that may predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and cancer progression in RCC.

Comparative analysis of oncological outcomes between trimodal therapy and radical cystectomy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer utilizing propensity score matching.

Background: Bladder preservation therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer is reported to yield outcomes comparable to those of radical cystectomy, although it receives a relatively low recommendation grade in Japanese guidelines. This study aims to compare the outcomes of trimodal therapy versus radical cystectomy in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Methods: This study is a single-center retrospective analysis that included patients treated with either trimodal therapy or radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (cT2-4N0-2M0) at our institution between January 1998 and December 2022.

Targeting Human Pancreatic Cancer with a Fluorophore-Conjugated Mucin 4 (MUC4) Antibody: Initial Characterization in Orthotopic Cell Line Mouse Models.

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of death related to cancer. The only possible cure presently is complete surgical resection; however, this is limited by difficulty in clearly defining tumor margins. Enhancement of the visualization of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor margins using near-infrared dye-conjugated tumor-specific antibodies was pioneered by using anti-CEA, anti-CA19.

Effect of extending the period from oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride to photodynamic diagnosis during transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer on diagnostic accuracy and safety: a single-arm multicenter phase III trial.

Background: In Japan, the authorized period (2-4 h) between oral administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) and transurethral resection for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) may restrict photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) usage. Therefore, this prospective, single-arm, phase III study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of PDD at an extended administration period (4-8 h).

Methods: From January 2022 to May 2023, 161 patients with NMIBC were enrolled from eight hospitals.

Photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer improves intravesical recurrence-free survival (BRIGHT study).

Objectives: In a primary analysis of data from the BRIGHT study (UMIN000035712), photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor (PDD-TURBT) using oral 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride reduced residual tumors in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PDD-TURBT for intravesical recurrence after a second transurethral resection for high-risk NMIBC.

Methods: High-risk NMIBC patients initially treated with PDD-TURBT (PDD group) were prospectively registered between 2018 and 2020.

Targeting Methionine Addiction Combined With Low-dose Irinotecan Arrested Colon Cancer in Contrast to High-dose Irinotecan Alone, Which Was Ineffective, in a Nude-mouse Model.

Background/aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-leading cause of death in the world. Although the prognosis has improved due to improvement of chemotherapy, metastatic CRC is still a recalcitrant disease, with a 5-year survival of only 13%. Irinotecan (IRN) is used as first-line chemotherapy for patients with unresectable CRC.

Differences in oncological benefits from second transurethral resection between white-light initial surgery and photodynamic diagnosis-guided initial surgery for primary high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between patients receiving second TUR after initial white-light transurethral resection of bladder tumor (WL-TURBT) and initial photodynamic diagnosis (PDD)-assisted TURBT.

Methods: A total of 1007 patients were divided into four groups based on the treatment pattern: WL-TURBT with second TUR (161 patients, WL-second group) or without second TUR (540 patients, WL-alone group) and PDD-TURBT with second TUR (112 patients, PDD-second group) or without second TUR (194 patients, PDD-alone group). Oncologic outcomes (bladder cancer recurrence, progression, urothelial cancer-specific mortality) and rates of residual tumor and risk stratification of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after second TUR were evaluated.

Machine learning molecular dynamics reveals the structural origin of the first sharp diffraction peak in high-density silica glasses.

The first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) in the total structure factor has long been regarded as a characteristic feature of medium-range order (MRO) in amorphous materials with a polyhedron network, and its underlying structural origin is a subject of ongoing debate. In this study, we utilized machine learning molecular dynamics (MLMD) simulations to explore the origin of FSDP in two typical high-density silica glasses: silica glass under pressure and permanently densified glass. Our MLMD simulations accurately reproduce the structural properties of high-density silica glasses observed in experiments, including changes in the FSDP intensity depending on the compression temperature.

Experimental evaluation of usable specimen thickness of Si for lattice imaging by transmission electron microscopy at 300 kV.

We evaluated the usable specimen thickness of Si for lattice imaging on a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) instrument operating at 300 kV and equipped with a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor camera by using an original reference material (RM) and comparing the lattice images obtained from Si patterns of the RM with various thicknesses. Lattice images of the {111} planes of crystalline Si are successfully observed for patterns with thicknesses of up to 508 nm. However, the contrast of these lattice fringes at a thickness of 508 nm is not distinct, even when recorded using a longer exposure time (5.

Real-world prostate-specific antigen response and progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer among men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer treated with apalutamide: a multi-institutional study in the Chu-shikoku Japan Urological Consortium.

Background: Japanese men receiving apalutamide often experience skin-adverse events (AEs), possibly requiring treatment interruption or dose reduction. However, concerns have arisen regarding the impact of these adjustments on the efficacy of apalutamide. Our study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and persistence of apalutamide in men with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC).

Impact on Japanese healthcare economics of photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Bladder cancer, especially non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), is one of the most costly cancers owing to its long-term management. Photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor (PDD-TURBT) reduces the risk of intravesical recurrence. However, its impact on healthcare economics in Japan remains unclear.

Additional oncological benefit of photodynamic diagnosis with blue light cystoscopy in transurethral resection for primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A comparative study from experienced institutes.

Objectives: The objective of this work is to evaluate the additional oncological benefit of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) using blue-light cystoscopy in transurethral resection (TURBT) for primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) based on the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG)-defined progression and the subsequent pathological pathways.

Patients And Methods: We reviewed 1578 consecutive primary NMIBC patients undergoing white-light TURBT (WL-TURBT) or PDD-TURBT during 2006-2020. One-to-one propensity score-matching was performed using multivariable logistic regression to obtain balanced groups.

A Phase II Trial of Abiraterone With Dutasteride for Second-Generation Antiandrogen- and Chemotherapy-Naïve Patients With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

The development of a novel therapy to overcome primary and acquired resistance to abiraterone is an unmet need. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride to abiraterone, explore proof of concept, and identify candidates suitable for combination therapy. This phase II, single-arm, and open-label study enrolled second-generation antiandrogen- and chemotherapy-naïve patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Formation of biogenic tellurium nanorods in unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Tellurium (Te) is an industrially useful element but causes environmental contamination. The formation of biogenic Te nanorods (Te-BgNRs) in plants is one of the Te detoxification pathways associated with the phytoremediation of Te because Te-BgNRs contain low-toxicity Te at high densities. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Te-BgNR formation in a common unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, on the basis of elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).