Case report: Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for high tumour mutational burden malignant phyllodes tumours of the breast as revealed by comprehensive genomic profiling.

High tumour mutational burden (TMB-high), identified through comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP), is a biomarker that predicts the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. CGP testing is recommended for rare cancers with limited effective treatment options. Here, we provide the first report of a malignant phyllodes tumour of the breast demonstrating TMB-high status and effective treatment with pembrolizumab.

Examining the Formalin Fixation Method for Maintaining High RNA Quality in Surgical Lung Specimens.

Background: Multiplex genetic testing is recommended when treating nonsmall cell lung cancer. A certain percentage of test failures in RNA assays owing to poor surgical specimen quality have been documented, and fixation failure is a possible cause. At our institution, sheet-like fixation is performed to reduce fixation time.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disease during remission after induction therapy with dasatinib in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report.

Dasatinib, a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (EBV-LPD) occur in immunocompromised patients, such as those receiving methotrexate or other immunosuppressive drugs or after allogenic transplantation. EBV-LPD is also reported to be a rare side effect in patients receiving long-term dasatinib or imatinib.

Analysis of CD1a-Positive Monocyte-Derived Cells in the Regional Lymph Nodes of Patients with Gallbladder Cancer.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to be major antigen-presenting cells, and lymph nodes (LNs) play an important role in DC-mediated immune response. CD1a is known as a marker of monocyte-derived DCs. The present study focused on the infiltration of CD1a-positive DCs (CD1a-DCs) into regional LNs in 70 cases of gallbladder cancer (GBC).

Involvement of the nigrostriatal system in Gerstman-Sträussler-Scheinker disease with the PRNP-P102L mutation.

Introduction: Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) is an autosomal-dominant inherited prion disease most often associated with the human prion protein gene (PRNP)-P102L mutation. Although patients manifest considerable phenotypic heterogeneity, the involvement of the nigrostriatal system has not been well-studied.

Methods: We performed dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) using I-ioflupane to investigate the nigrostriatal system function in nine patients with the PRNP-P102L mutation.

Multiple foci of Rosai-Dorfman disease in colon: a case report.

Background: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an uncommon proliferative histiocytic disorder involving lymph nodes and various organs. Forty-three percent of RDD cases originate from extranodal sites; however, RDD rarely arises from the colon.

Case Presentation: A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of intra-abdominal masses that were incidentally detected during surveillance by computed tomography (CT) after treatment for lung cancer.

MRI features of ovarian teratomas with somatic-type malignancy and mature cystic teratomas.

Purpose: We evaluated the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of ovarian teratomas with somatic-type malignancy (TSMs) and benign ovarian mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) to determine the diagnostic contribution of the MRI findings for differentiating these two teratomas.

Methods: We compared the MRI findings between ovarian TSMs (n = 10) and MCTs (n = 193), and we conducted a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine the MRI findings' contribution to the differentiation of TSMs from MCTs.

Results: The maximum diameters of whole lesion and the largest solid component in the TSMs were larger than those of the MCTs (p = 0.

A case of intrahepatic mass-forming portal biliopathy mimicking intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

A 75-year-old man was referred to our department because of an enlarging intrahepatic mass detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up for another disease. MRI showed hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging and hyperintensity on T2-weighted imaging in liver segment 4. Abdominal plain computed tomography (CT) indicated a low-density lesion with an unclear boundary, measuring approximately 4 cm × 3 cm in liver segment 4.

Chemoradiotherapy and Lymph Node Metastasis Affect Dendritic Cell Infiltration and Maturation in Regional Lymph Nodes of Laryngeal Cancer.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most specialized antigen-presenting cells, and lymph nodes (LNs) play an important role in the DC-mediated T-cell response. We evaluated the infiltration of CD1a-positive DCs (CD1a-DCs), i.e.

Laparoscopic liver resection for local recurrence after carbon‑ion radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report.

Numerous potentially curative treatments have become available for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on the basis of the individual patient and tumor characteristics. Carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) is a novel treatment option to reduce the physical burden in patients with HCC. However, the long-term outcomes and the clinical and pathological features of locoregional recurrence after initial C-ion RT are unclear.

Accumulation Area of a Japanese P102L Variant Associated With Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease: The Ariake P102L Variant.

Background And Purpose: The coast of Kyushu Island on Ariake Sea in Japan is known to be an accumulation area for patients with a proline-to-leucine substitution mutation at residue 102 (P102L) of the human prion protein gene (), which is associated with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. We designated this geographical distribution as the "Ariake P102L variant." The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features of this variant.

A HIF-1α inhibitor combined with palmitic acid and L-carnitine treatment can prevent the fat metabolic reprogramming under hypoxia and induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Background: A hypoxic environment often persists within solid tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) can accelerate cancer malignancy by inducing hypoxia-dependent expression of various genes. Tumor hypoxia can also induce metabolic reprogramming of fatty acid (FA) metabolism, through which HIF-1α plays an essential role in diminishing fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in hypoxic cancer cells.

Collision tumor of a papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma: a case report.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) are common differentiated thyroid cancers, but the detection of a collision tumor is an extremely rare event.

Case Presentation: The patient was a 69-year-old Japanese female with multiple cervical lymph node swellings and a thyroid tumor. Preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology of the enlarged lymph node revealed a cytological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Suppression of NASH-Related HCC by Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor through Inhibition of Inflammation and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Expression.

Inflammatory processes play major roles in carcinogenesis and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) derived from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). But, there are no therapies for NASH-related HCC, especially focusing on these critical steps. Previous studies have reported that farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.

Decreased placental TLR3 is associated with hepatitis B virus vaccine responsiveness in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers.

Background: Although hepatitis B vaccination has a significant impact on the reduction hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, babies born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive mothers bear a high risk of being poor responsive to the vaccine with unilluminated mechanism. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays a vital role in placental immunity, which affects the immune response of these babies. This study investigated the role of placental TLR3 in the immune responses of babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers to the HBV vaccine.

Risk Factors for Postoperative Paralytic Ileus in Advanced-age Patients after Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Retrospective Study of 124 Consecutive Patients.

Objectives: Postoperative paralytic ileus (POI) is one of the most common and troublesome complications following colorectal surgery. However, to date, the risk factors for POI remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for POI following laparoscopic colorectal surgery in advanced-age patients.

Anti-cancer effect of afatinib, dual inhibitor of HER2 and EGFR, on novel mutation HER2 E401G in models of patient-derived cancer.

Background: Precision medicine with gene panel testing based on next-generation sequencing for patients with cancer is being used increasingly in clinical practice. HER2, which encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is a potentially important driver gene. However, therapeutic strategies aimed at mutations in the HER2 extracellular domain have not been clarified.

Silence of resident microglia in GPI anchorless prion disease and activation of microglia in Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

GPI anchorless prion diseases (GPIALPs) show numerous coarse prion protein (PrP) deposits in the CNS but neuropil spongiform changes are mild and the incidence of dementia is low. Here, we examined differences in resident microglial phenotypes between GPIALP (D178fs25) and the other prion diseases Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) with respect to homeostasis and activation. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 2 GPIALP (D178fs25), 4 GSS (P102L), and 4 sCJD cases.

Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Involving an Abundant Infiltration of T Follicular Helper Cells.

A 76-year-old man presented with skin plaque and splenic nodules, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with infiltration of T-cells was suspected based on the skin lesions. The disease showed indolent clinical behavior for three months, when systemic lymphadenopathy rapidly evolved. An inguinal lymph node biopsy revealed DLBCL with abundant infiltration of T follicular helper (TFH) cells.

ALK rearrangement-associated renal cell carcinoma morphologically mimicking mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma: a case report.

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement-associated renal cell carcinoma (ALK-RCC) is an extremely rare tumor and ALK-RCC that mimics mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) has been very reported only in one instance.

Case Presentation: A 42-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of a left renal tumor measuring 5 cm in maximum dimension. She underwent a laparoscopic left nephrectomy.

Cytological Comparison between Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Image Analysis Software Using Touch Smear Samples of Surgically Resected Specimens.

To investigate useful cytological features for differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), this study cytologically compared HCC to ICC using image analysis software. Touch smear specimens of surgically resected specimens were obtained from a total of 61 nodules of HCC and 16 of ICC. The results indicated that the major/minor axis ratio of ICC is significantly larger than that of HCC (1.

A case of congenital capillary proliferation of the kidney (CCPK).

We report a case of congenital capillary proliferation of the kidney (CCPK) along with the multimodality imaging findings. Four-day-old boy who had managed due to his mother's gestational diabetes underwent abdominal ultrasound and a mass was detected in the right kidney. On gray scale ultrasound, the mass exhibited a hyperechoic, slight lobulated shape and a circumscribed margin.