identifies host plants via the recognition of antifungal capsidiol to induce expression of a specific detoxification gene.

The gray mold pathogen has a broad host range, causing disease in >400 plant species, but it is not known how this pathogen evolved this polyxenous nature. can metabolize a wide range of phytoalexins, including the stilbenoid resveratrol in grape, and the sesquiterpenoids capsidiol in tobacco and rishitin in potato and tomato. In this study, we analyzed the metabolism of sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins by .

Correlation between CT Value on Lung Subtraction CT and Radioactive Count on Perfusion Lung Single Photon Emission CT in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background: Lung subtraction CT (LSCT), the subtraction of noncontrast CT from CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) without spatial misregistration, is easily applicable by utilizing a software-based deformable image registration technique without additional hardware and permits the evaluation of lung perfusion as iodine accumulation, similar to that observed in perfusion lung single photon emission CT (PL-SPECT). The aim of this study was to use LSCT to newly assess the quantitative correlation between the CT value on LSCT and radioactive count on PL-SPECT as a reference and validate the quantification of lung perfusion by measuring the CT value in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Methods: We prospectively enrolled 47 consecutive patients with CTEPH undergoing both LSCT and PL-SPECT; we used noncontrast CT, CTPA, and LSCT to measure CT values and PL-SPECT to measure radioactive counts in areas representing three different perfusion classes—no perfusion defect, subsegmental perfusion defect, and segmental perfusion defect; we compared CT values on noncontrast CT, CTPA, and LSCT and radioactive counts on PL-SPECT among the three classes, then assessed the correlation between them.

Denoising using deep-learning-based reconstruction for whole-heart coronary MRA with sub-millimeter isotropic resolution at 3 T: a volunteer study.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of denoising deep-learning-based reconstruction (dDLR) to improve image quality and vessel delineation in noncontrast 3-T wholeheart coronary magnetic resonance angiography (WHCMRA) with sub-millimeter isotropic resolution (Sub-mm) compared with a standard resolution without dDLR (Standard). METHODS For 10 healthy volunteers, we acquired the WHCMRA with Sub-mm with and without dDLR and Standard to quantify signal- (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and vessel edge signal response (VESR) in all the 3 image types. Two independent readers subjectively graded vessel sharpness and signal homogeneity of 8 coronary segments in each patient.

Clinical validity of non-contrast-enhanced VI-RADS: prospective study using 3-T MRI with high-gradient magnetic field.

Objectives: To develop a modified Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) without dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCEI), termed "non-contrast-enhanced VI-RADS (NCE-VI-RADS)", and to assess the additive impact of denoising deep learning reconstruction (dDLR) on NCE-VI-RADS.

Methods: From January 2019 through December 2020, 163 participants who underwent high-gradient 3-T MRI of the bladder were prospectively enrolled. In total, 108 participants with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer by transurethral resection were analyzed.

Effect of an Ultrahigh b Value of 3000 s/mm and the Minimal Echo-time on Image Quality and the T2 Shine-through Effect in Diffusion-weighted Imaging of the Liver at 3T: Phantom and Clinical Pilot Studies.

Purpose: To assess the effect of an ultrahigh b value of 3000 s/mm and the minimal TE of 53 ms on image quality and T2 shine-through effect in liver diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using a 3-Tesla MRI scanner with a peak gradient of 100 mT/m.

Methods: At b values of 1000 and 3000 s/mm and at the minimal (44-53 ms) and routine TEs (70 ms), DWI of our original phantom and liver DWI in 10 healthy volunteers and 26 patients with 35 hepatic hemangiomas were acquired with this scanner, and the quantified SNR of the phantom and the hepatic parenchyma in the volunteers and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the hepatic hemangiomas were calculated; two independent readers qualitatively graded the overall image quality in the volunteers and determined the presence or absence of the T2 shine-through effect related to the hemangiomas in the patients. We compared the SNR and subjective overall image quality between the minimal and routine TEs and the CNR and incidence of the T2 shine-through effect between b values of 1000 and 3000 s/mm.

QTL Analysis of Stem Elongation and Flowering Time in Lettuce Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing.

Lettuce plants tend to undergo floral initiation by elongation of flower stalks (bolting) under high-temperature and long-day conditions, which is a serious problem for summer lettuce production. Our objective was to generate a high-density genetic map using SNPs obtained from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis of F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and to map QTLs involved in stem growth and flowering time in lettuce. A set of 127 intra-specific RIL mapping populations derived from a cross between two varieties, green and red leaf lettuce, were used to identify QTLs related to the number of days from sowing to bolting (DTB), to flowering of the first flower (DTF), to seed-setting of the first flower (DTS), and the total number of leaves (LN), plant height (PH), and total number of branches of main inflorescence (BN) for two consecutive years.

Cervical intramedullary recurrent Ewing sarcoma after 10-year disease-free survival in an adult: a case report and review of literature.

Introduction: Intramedullary metastasis of Ewing sarcoma is extremely rare. Here, we report an adult case of cervical intramedullary recurrent Ewing sarcoma after a 10-year disease-free survival after the initial surgery for a thoracic lesion.

Case Presentation: A 39-year-old man with a history of surgery and chemoradiotherapy for thoracic Ewing sarcoma ten years ago presented with neck pain and incomplete motor paralysis in the right upper extremity, which had suddenly appeared three months before.

Dramatic Performance by a Professional Actor for the Treatment of Patients with Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia.

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) challenge caregivers, leading to caregiver burden and subsequent nursing home or inpatient placement in a psychiatric hospital for dementia. Favorable positive emotions should be an important goal for the treatment of negative emotions of BPSD. Arts are one of the most profound areas to stimulate favorable emotions.

Prospective Validation of Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System Using a Next-Generation Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanner-Is Denoising Deep Learning Reconstruction Useful?

Purpose: The Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) was launched in 2018 to standardize reporting of magnetic resonance imaging for bladder cancer. This study aimed to prospectively validate VI-RADS using a next-generation magnetic resonance imaging scanner and to investigate the usefulness of denoising deep learning reconstruction.

Materials And Methods: We prospectively enrolled 98 patients who underwent bladder multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging using a next-generation magnetic resonance imaging scanner before transurethral resection of bladder tumor.

Risk of progression to eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with asymptomatic esophageal eosinophilia: A retrospective pilot study.

Background And Aim: As the number of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has increased worldwide, the likelihood of diagnosing esophageal eosinophilia (EE) in screening endoscopy has also increased. Many of these EE patients do not display any symptoms (i.e.

Individual feedback and monitoring of endoscopist performance improves the adenoma detection rate in screening colonoscopy: a prospective case-control study.

Background And Purpose: Previous reports have suggested that a longer withdrawal time (WT) during colonoscopy led to an improved adenoma detection rate (ADR); however, there are few controlled studies that substantiated monitoring WT as an educational method. We aimed to validate a feedback and monitoring system to improve the ADR in screening colonoscopy in a prospective case-control setting.

Methods: After collecting data in the pre-feedback period (3.

Quality Indicators for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori-Negative Early Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background/aims: While Helicobacter pylori (HP)-negative gastric cancer is frequently reported, little is known about the predictors for detecting HP-negative early gastric cancer (EGC). We aimed to evaluate the predictors for the detection of HP-negative EGC.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 13,477 consecutive asymptomatic cases where upper endoscopy was performed by nine physicians from April 2017 to March 2019 and analyzed the detection rate of high-risk lesions (HRLs), including EGC, tubular adenoma, and lymphoma, according to the status of HP infection.

Effect of Ultra High-Resolution Computed Tomography and Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction on Detectability of Simulated Submillimeter Artery.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of ultra high-resolution computed tomography (UHRCT) and model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) on the detectability of simulated submillimeter artery.

Methods: A small vessel phantom ranging from 0.4 to 2.

Influence of Infection on Endoscopic Findings of Gastric Adenocarcinoma of the Fundic Gland Type.

Purpose: Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (chief cell predominant type) (GA-FG-CCP) was first reported as a rare adenocarcinoma found in the normal fundic mucosa. Recent studies have proposed the possibility that GA-FG-CCPs were also generated in the atrophic mucosa after (HP) eradication therapy. However, little is known on the endoscopic findings of GA-FG-CCP generated in the atrophic mucosa due to its extreme rarity.

[Optimal Imaging Parameters and the Advantage of Renal Artery Image Using Time-spatial Labeling Inversion Pulse at 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Comparison of Image Quality for 1.5 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging].

With the recent spread of three tesla (3 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP) technique at high magnetic field can be used. The purpose of this study was to determine appropriate renal artery imaging parameters and to compare with the 1.5 T MRI image quality of a renal artery using the Time-SLIP technique.

Caudal type homeobox 2 expression induced by leukocytapheresis might be associated with mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis.

Background And Aim: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with an intractable, recurrent course. Although the goal of UC therapy has recently been to target mucosal healing, the molecular mechanism of mucosal healing remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular dynamics related to the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells during cytapheresis therapy in a short duration.

Reduced Human α-defensin 6 in Noninflamed Jejunal Tissue of Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Background: Mucosal barrier dysfunction is considered a critical component of Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis after the identification of susceptibility genes. However, the precise mechanism underlying mucosal barrier dysfunction has not yet been elucidated. We therefore aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the expression of human α-defensin 6 (HD6) in patients with CD.

Atonal homolog 1 protein stabilized by tumor necrosis factor α induces high malignant potential in colon cancer cell line.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). CAC cells often develop chemoresistance, resulting in a poorer prognosis than that of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The mechanism by which CAC enhances malignant potential remains unknown.

Fluorescent labelling of intestinal epithelial cells reveals independent long-lived intestinal stem cells in a crypt.

Background And Aims: The dynamics of intestinal stem cells are crucial for regulation of intestinal function and maintenance. Although crypt stem cells have been identified in the intestine by genetic marking methods, identification of plural crypt stem cells has not yet been achieved as they are visualised in the same colour.

Methods: Intestinal organoids were transferred into Matrigel® mixed with lentivirus encoding mCherry.