Chromosome-level genome assemblies of Cutaneotrichosporon spp. (Trichosporonales, Basidiomycota) reveal imbalanced evolution between nucleotide sequences and chromosome synteny.

Background: Since DNA information was first used in taxonomy, barcode sequences such as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region have greatly aided fungal identification; however, a barcode sequence alone is often insufficient. Thus, multi-gene- or whole-genome-based methods were developed. We previously isolated Basidiomycota yeasts classified in the Trichosporonales.

Hyphal Growth in Is Accelerated by the Addition of Magnesium.

Fungal dimorphism involves two morphologies: a unicellular yeast cell and a multicellular hyphal form. Invasion of hyphae into human cells causes severe opportunistic infections. The transition between yeast and hyphal forms is associated with the virulence of fungi; however, the mechanism is poorly understood.

[Malassezia Display a Hyphae-like "Spaghetti-and-Meatballs" Configuration in Keratotic Plugs].

Malassezia are lipophilic yeasts in the skin microbiome that abundantly colonize all parts of human skin except for the soles of the feet. Fungal microbiome analysis of keratotic plugs from the noses of 10 healthy individuals identified Malassezia restricta as the predominant species, followed by Malassezia globosa. Malassezia hyphae were observed in 5 of the 10 individuals.

Draft Genome Sequence of Pandoravirus japonicus Isolated from the Sabaishi River, Niigata, Japan.

"" is a proposed family of the phylum Its features include an amphora-shaped capsid and the largest genome among all viruses. We report the isolation and genome sequencing of a new member of this family, named , the third strain discovered in Japan.

Co-continuous structural effect of size-controlled macro-porous glass membrane on extracellular vesicle collection for the analysis of miRNA.

Recent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be utilized as appropriate and highly specific biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis and prognosis of serious illness. However, there are few methods that can collect and isolate miRNA in EVs simply, quickly and efficiently using general equipment such as a normal centrifuge. In this paper, we developed an advanced glass membrane column (AGC) device incorporating a size-controlled macro-porous glass (MPG) membrane with a co-continuous structure to overcome the limitations of conventional EV collection and miRNA extraction from the EVs.

Marseilleviridae Lineage B Diversity and Bunch Formation Inhibited by Galactose.

Marseilleviridae is a family of large double-stranded DNA viruses that is currently divided into five subgroups, lineages A-E. Hokutovirus and kashiwazakivirus, both of which belong to lineage B, have been reported to induce host acanthamoeba cells to form aggregations called "bunches". This putatively results in increased opportunities to infect acanthamoeba cells, in contrast to lineage A, which has been reported to not form "bunches".

Genetic Diversity and Phylogeography of () in Asian House Shrew () in Eurasia.

Murid and cricetid rodents were previously believed to be the principal reservoir hosts of hantaviruses. Recently, however, multiple newfound hantaviruses have been discovered in shrews, moles, and bats, suggesting a complex evolutionary history. Little is known about the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of the prototype shrew-borne hantavirus, (TPMV), carried by the Asian house shrew (), which is widespread in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

DNA replication machinery prevents Rad52-dependent single-strand annealing that leads to gross chromosomal rearrangements at centromeres.

Homologous recombination between repetitive sequences can lead to gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs). At fission yeast centromeres, Rad51-dependent conservative recombination predominantly occurs between inverted repeats, thereby suppressing formation of isochromosomes whose arms are mirror images. However, it is unclear how GCRs occur in the absence of Rad51 and how GCRs are prevented at centromeres.

Kinetic Analysis of the Motility of Giant Virus-Infected Amoebae Using Phase-Contrast Microscopic Images.

Tracking cell motility is a useful tool for the study of cell physiology and microbiology. Although phase-contrast microscopy is commonly used, the existence of optical artifacts called "halo" and "shade-off" have inhibited image analysis of moving cells. Here we show kinetic image analysis of motility using a newly developed computer program named "Phase-contrast-based Kinetic Analysis Algorithm for Amoebae (PKA3)," which revealed giant-virus-infected amoebae-specific motilities and aggregation profiles using time-lapse phase-contrast microscopic images.

Mechanism of pancreatic juice reflux in pancreaticobiliary maljunction: A fluid dynamics model experiment.

Background: Pancreatic juice reflux to the common bile duct and gallbladder is observed in the pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), and various pathological conditions occur in the biliary tract. However, the mechanism of pancreatic juice reflux has not been discussed yet. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of this phenomenon from the perspective of the fluid dynamics theory.

Author Correction: Đakrông virus, a novel mobatvirus (Hantaviridae) harbored by the Stoliczka's Asian trident bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus) in Vietnam.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Đakrông virus, a novel mobatvirus (Hantaviridae) harbored by the Stoliczka's Asian trident bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus) in Vietnam.

The recent discovery of genetically distinct shrew- and mole-borne viruses belonging to the newly defined family Hantaviridae (order Bunyavirales) has spurred an extended search for hantaviruses in RNAlater®-preserved lung tissues from 215 bats (order Chiroptera) representing five families (Hipposideridae, Megadermatidae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae), collected in Vietnam during 2012 to 2014. A newly identified hantavirus, designated Đakrông virus (DKGV), was detected in one of two Stoliczka's Asian trident bats (Aselliscus stoliczkanus), from Đakrông Nature Reserve in Quảng Trị Province. Using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, phylogenetic trees based on the full-length S, M and L segments showed that DKGV occupied a basal position with other mobatviruses, suggesting that primordial hantaviruses may have been hosted by ancestral bats.

Fifteen Marseilleviruses Newly Isolated From Three Water Samples in Japan Reveal Local Diversity of .

The family , defined as a group of icosahedral double-stranded DNA viruses with particle size of approximately 250 nm and genome size of 350-380 kbp, belongs to the nucleo-cytoplasmic family of large DNA viruses. The family is currently classified into lineages A-E. In this study, we isolated 12 or 15 new members of the family from three sampling locations in Japan.

Visualization of giant virus particles and development of "VIRAMOS" for high school and university biology course.

Several educational trials on handling viruses and or virology have been reported. However, given their small size, direct visualization of these viruses under a microscope has been rarely performed. The so-called "giant viruses" are larger than other viruses with a particle size greater than 200-300 nm.

Molecular Phylogeny of Mobatviruses () in Myanmar and Vietnam.

The discovery of highly divergent lineages of hantaviruses (family ) in shrews, moles, and bats of multiple species raises the possibility that non-rodent hosts may have played a significant role in their evolutionary history. To further investigate this prospect, total RNA was extracted from RNAlater-preserved lung tissues of 277 bats (representing five families, 14 genera and 40 species), captured in Myanmar and Vietnam during 2013⁻2016. Hantavirus RNA was detected in two of 15 black-bearded tomb bats () and two of 26 Pomona roundleaf bats () in Myanmar, and in three of six ashy leaf-nosed bats () in Vietnam.

Imaging of angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by uptake of exosomes secreted from hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typical hyper-vascular tumor, so the understanding the mechanisms of angiogenesis in HCC is very important for its treatment. However, the influence of the exosomes secreted from HCC cells (HCC-exosomes) on angiogenesis remains poorly understood. We herein examined the effects of the exosomes secreted from HepG2 cells (HepG2-exosomes) on the lumen formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by the imaging of angiogenesis.

Release of condensin from mitotic chromosomes requires the Ran-GTP gradient in the reorganized nucleus.

After mitosis, nuclear reorganization occurs together with decondensation of mitotic chromosomes and reformation of the nuclear envelope, thereby restoring the Ran-GTP gradient between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The Ran-GTP gradient is dependent on Pim1/RCC1. Interestingly, a defect in Pim1/RCC1 in causes postmitotic condensation of chromatin, namely hypercondensation, suggesting a relationship between the Ran-GTP gradient and chromosome decondensation.

: A Distinct Dimorphic Yeast among the Fission Yeasts.

Genomic sequencing data and morphological properties demonstrate evolutionary relationships among groups of the fission yeast, Phylogenetically, is the furthest removed from other species of fission yeast. The basic characteristics of cell proliferation are shared among all fission yeast, including the process of binary fission during vegetative growth, conjugation and karyogamy with horsetail movement, mating-type switching, and sporulation. However, also exhibits characteristics that are unique to filamentous fungi.

Transformation of .

This protocol describes the use of electroporation to transform with plasmids or linear DNA. Plasmids are helpful for the complementation testing of mutations and for the expression of specific genes. Linear DNA fragments integrated into chromosomal DNA by homologous recombination are useful for gene deletion or to fuse a gene with a tag sequence (e.

Molecular phylogeny of a genetically divergent hantavirus harbored by the Geoffroy's rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus), a frugivorous bat species in the Philippines.

The recent discovery of genetically distinct hantaviruses in multiple species of shrews and moles (order Eulipotyphla, families Soricidae and Talpidae) prompted a further exploration of their host diversification and geographic distribution by analyzing lung tissues from 376 fruit bats representing six genera (order Chiroptera, suborder Yinpterochiroptera, family Pteropodidae), collected in the Republic of the Philippines during 2008 to 2013. Hantavirus RNA was detected by RT-PCR in one of 15 Geoffroy's rousettes (Rousettus amplexicaudatus), captured in Quezon Memorial National Park on Luzon Island in 2009. Phylogenetic analyses of the S, M and L segments, using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian methods, showed that the newfound hantavirus, designated Quezon virus (QZNV), shared a common ancestry with hantaviruses hosted by insectivorous bats, in keeping with their evolutionary relationships and suggests that ancestral bats may have served as the early or original mammalian hosts of primordial hantaviruses.

Synchronous activation of cell division by light or temperature stimuli in the dimorphic yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus.

Many fungi respond to light and regulate fungal development and behavior. A blue light-activated complex has been identified in Neurospora crassa as the product of the wc-1 and wc-2 genes. Orthologs of WC-1 and WC-2 have hitherto been found only in filamentous fungi and not in yeast, with the exception of the basidiomycete pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus.

Regulation of nuclear envelope dynamics via APC/C is necessary for the progression of semi-open mitosis in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus.

Three types of mitosis, which are open, closed or semi-open mitosis, function in eukaryotic cells, respectively. The open mitosis involves breakage of the nuclear envelope before nuclear division, whereas the closed mitosis proceeds with an intact nuclear envelope. To understand the mechanism and significance of three types of mitotic division in eukaryotes, we investigated the process of semi-open mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope is only partially broken, in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus.

Construction of an insertion marker collection of Sz. japonicus (IMACS) for genetic mapping and a fosmid library covering its genome.

Measuring relative genetic distances is one of the best ways to locate genetic loci. Here we report the construction of a strains set for genetic mapping in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, which belongs to the genus Schizosaccharomyces together with the well-studied fission yeast Sz. pombe.