The extract of Ilex kudingcha inhibits atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice by suppressing cholesterol accumulation in macrophages.

It was previously reported that oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, triterpenoid compounds occurring in Ilex kudingcha, ameliorate hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. In the present study, we investigated whether I. kudingcha extract exerts similar inhibitory effects on cholesterol accumulation in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) and atherogenesis in apoE-deficient mice.

The effect of eleutherococcus senticosus on metabolism-associated protein expression in 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cells.

Purpose: In vivo studies have demonstrated the ergogenic benefits of eleutherococcus senticosus (ES) supplementation. ES has been observed to enhance endurance capacity, improve cardiovascular function, and alter metabolic functions (e.g.

Enhancement of human cancer cell radiosensitivity by conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid - a mammalian DNA polymerase inhibitor.

We previously found that conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid (cEPA) selectively inhibited the activities of mammalian DNA polymerases (pols), and suppressed human cancer cell growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of concurrent radiation with cEPA in a human colon carcinoma cell line, HCT 116. Furthermore, we examined the most effective timing of irradiation.

Cell cycle arrest triggered by conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid occurs through several mechanisms including G1 checkpoint activation by induced RPA and ATR expression.

Background: Conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid (cEPA) containing conjugated double bonds, which is prepared by alkaline treatment of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), selectively inhibited the activities of both mammalian DNA polymerases (pols) and human DNA topoisomerases (topos).

Methods: Human colon carcinoma cell line, HCT116, was cultured and performed drug and small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment, flow cytometry analysis, BrdU incorporation analysis, and western blot analysis.

Results: The levels of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation labeling during DNA synthesis were decreased in time- and dose-dependent manners in HCT116 cells, treated with cEPA.

Extracts of Momordica charantia suppress postprandial hyperglycemia in rats.

Momordica charantia (bitter melon) is commonly known as vegetable insulin, but the mechanisms underlying its hypoglycemic effect remain unclear. To address this issue, the effects of bitter melon extracts on postprandial glycemic responses have been investigated in rats. An aqueous extract (AE), methanol fraction (MF) and methanol insoluble fraction (MIF) were prepared from bitter melon.

Mechanism of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction by conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid, which is a mammalian DNA polymerase and topoisomerase inhibitor.

Conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid (cEPA) selectively inhibited the activities of mammalian DNA polymerases (pols) and human DNA topoisomerases (topos). cEPA inhibited the cell growth of two human leukemia cell lines, NALM-6, which is a p53-wild type, and HL-60, which is a p53-null mutant, with LD50 values of 37.5 and 12.

Inhibitory action of C22-fatty acids on DNA polymerases and DNA topoisomerases.

We reported previously that unsaturated linear-chain fatty acids of the cis-configuration with a C18-hydrocarbon chain such as linoleic acid (cis-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid, C18:2) could potently inhibit the activity of mammalian DNA polymerases (Biochim Biophys Acta 1308: 256-262, 1996). In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of cis-type C22-fatty acids including cis-7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5) and cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) on mammalian DNA polymerases and human DNA topoisomerases. Cis-13,16-docosadienoic acid (C22:2) was the strongest inhibitor of both DNA polymerases and topoisomerases of all C22-fatty acids tested.

Inhibitory effect of conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid on mammalian DNA polymerase and topoisomerase activities and human cancer cell proliferation.

Conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid (cEPA) selectively inhibited the activities of mammalian DNA polymerases (pols) and human DNA topoisomerases (topos) [Yonezawa Y, Tsuzuki T, Eitsuka T, Miyazawa T, Hada T, Uryu K, et al. Inhibitory effect of conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid on human DNA topoisomerases I and II. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005;435:197-206].

Inhibitory effect of conjugated eicosapentaenoic acid on human DNA topoisomerases I and II.

DNA topoisomerases (topos) and DNA polymerases (pols) are involved in many aspects of DNA metabolism such as replication reactions. We reported previously that long chain unsaturated fatty acids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (i.e.