Inkjet printing of mechanochromic fluorenylidene-acridane.

In mechanochromic material research, a serious problem is that mechanical treatment cannot be applied to the materials because of their responsiveness to stimuli. Inkjet printing is a useful solution deposition method for electronics, but materials must be processed to be suitable for an inkjet printer. Fluorenylidene-acridane (FA) exhibits ground-state mechanochromism with visual color changes and responds not only to mechanical pressure but also to alcohol.

Recent progress in porphyrin- and phthalocyanine-containing perovskite solar cells.

In this review, we summarize the application of porphyrins and phthalocyanines in perovskite solar cells to date. Since the first porphyrin- and phthalocyanine-based perovskite solar cells were reported in 2009, their power conversion efficiency has dramatically increased from 3.9% to over 20%.

Equilibrium and thermodynamic studies of chromic overcrowded fluorenylidene-acridanes with modified fluorene moieties.

Chromic materials, an important class of stimuli-responsive materials, have aroused extensive attention in recent years. Normally, their color is based on changes in morphology. Few examples of chromic material based on conformational isomerization, such as in overcrowded alkenes, have been reported previously.

High-yielding Pd(dba)·CH-based four-fold Sonogashira coupling with selenophene-conjugated magnesium tetraethynylporphyrin for organic solar cells.

A catalytic system using Pd(dba)·(CH)/PPh/CuI for Sonogashira coupling was demonstrated to synthesize a selenophene-conjugated magnesium tetraethynylporphyrin Mg-TEP-(Se-DPP) (2a). The catalytic system enabled four-fold cross-coupling of the four terminal alkynes of magnesium tetraethynylporphyrin with bromoselenophene-tethered diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) to produce the desired star-shaped 2a in 80% yield. This molecule shows higher solubility in organic solvents, more efficient visible and near-infrared region absorption, and a narrower band gap compared with reference thiophene-conjugated congeners.