Lower limb biomechanics and control of center of mass during turning phases in daily gait.

This study aims to elucidate the biomechanical characteristics of turning in daily life by analyzing the three-step process of approach, turn, and departure phases. The research involved ten healthy young individuals performing straight walking and 90° turns, categorized into Side-Step (SS) and Cross-Step (CS) turns. Using a 17-camera motion capture system and force plates, the study measured joint angles, moments, and center of mass (COM) variations.

Effect of Residual Pain After Posterior Fusion Surgery for Lumbar Degenerative Disorders on Health-Related Quality of Life: A Two-Year Follow-Up Using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

Study Design: This is a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of residual pain after fusion surgery for lumbar degenerative diseases on quality of life (QOL).

Overview Of Literature: Residual symptoms after spinal surgery often restrict patients' activities of daily living and reduce their QOL.

Speed-dependent modulations of muscle modules in the gait of people with radiographical and asymptomatic knee osteoarthritis and elderly controls: Case-control pilot study.

This study investigates the muscle modules involved in the increase of walking speed in radiographical and asymptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients using tensor decomposition. The human body possesses redundancy, which is the property to achieve desired movements with more degrees of freedom than necessary. The muscle module hypothesis is a proposed solution to this redundancy.

Feature analysis of joint motion in paralyzed and non-paralyzed upper limbs while reaching the occiput: A cross-sectional study in patients with mild hemiplegia.

The reaching motion to the back of the head with the hand is an important movement for daily living. The scores of upper limb function tests used in clinical practice alone are difficult to use as a reference when planning exercises for movement improvements. This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify in patients with mild hemiplegia the kinematic characteristics of paralyzed and non-paralyzed upper limbs reaching the occiput.

Changes in caregiving risk and motor function among older adults participating in community gatherings in Koshigaya city.

[Purpose] This study investigated the changes in caregiving risk and motor function among older adults participating in community gatherings ("Kayoinoba") in Koshigaya. [Participants and Methods] A total of 257 older participants who engaged in the Kayoinoba program for 6 months from its inception were included in the analysis. Caregiving risk and motor function were assessed twice-once at the beginning of the Kayoinoba (first assessment) and again 6 months later (second assessment).

The effect of orthosis management on joint instability in knee joint disease: A systematic review.

Introduction: Joint instability is a common finding of clinical importance in patients with knee disease. This literature review aimed to examine the evidence regarding the effect of orthosis management on joint instability in knee joint disease.

Methods: The detailed protocol for this study was published in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews in the field of health and social welfare (CRD 42022335360).

Muscle co-activation in the elderly contributes to control of hip and knee joint torque and endpoint force.

We investigated the coordinated activity patterns of muscles based on cosine tuning in the elderly during an isometric force exertion task. We also clarified whether these coordinated activity patterns contribute to the control of hip and knee joint torque and endpoint force as co-activation. Preferred direction (PD) of activity for each muscle in 10 young and 8 older males was calculated from the lower limb muscle activity during isometric force exertion task in various directions.

Clinical utility of markerless motion capture for kinematic evaluation of sit-to-stand during 30 s-CST at one year post total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective study.

Background: Although the importance of kinematic evaluation of the sit-to-stand (STS) test of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients is clear, there have been no reports analyzing STS during the 30-s chair sit-up test (30 s-CST) with a focus on kinematic characteristics. This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical utility of kinematic analysis of STS during the 30 s-CST by classifying STS into subgroups based on kinematic parameters, and to determine whether differences in movement strategies are expressed as differences in clinical outcomes.

Methods: The subjects were all patients who underwent unilateral TKA due to osteoarthritis of the knee and were followed up for one year postoperatively.

Exploring the modification factors of exercise therapy on biomechanical load in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to clarify the effect of exercise therapy on the first peak knee adduction moment (KAM), as well as other biomechanical loads in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and identify physical characteristics that influence differences in biomechanical load after exercise therapy. The data sources are PubMed, PEDro, and CINAHL, from study inception to May 2021. The eligibility criteria include studies evaluating the first peak (KAM), peak knee flexion moment (KFM), maximal knee joint compression force (KCF), or co-contraction during walking before and after exercise therapy in patients with knee OA.

The investigation of an analysis method for co-activation of knee osteoarthritis utilizing normalization of peak dynamic method.

Background: Assessing co-activation characteristics in knee osteoarthritis (knee OA) using method of quantification of the activity ratio (such as the co-contraction index (CCI) or the directed co-activation ratios (DCAR)) for surface electromyography (EMG) has been reported. However, no studies have discussed the differences in results between non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF) and the DCAR.

Research Question: Does DCAR or NNMF reflect the characteristic co-activation pattern of knee OA while using EMG normalized by the peak dynamic method?

Methods: Ten elderly control participants (EC) and ten knee OA patients (KOA) volunteered to participate in this study.

Compensatory relationship of mechanical energy in paretic limb during sit-to-stand motion of stroke survivors.

The sit-to-stand motion is a prerequisite for walking and is therefore frequently performed in daily life. Diseases such as stroke often make performing it challenging. Even the stroke survivors who can stand up, the number of sit-to-stand motions they perform each day is lower than that of healthy adults.

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Membranes Accelerate Active Osteogenesis in Bone Defects: Potential of Guided Bone Regeneration Membranes.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are potentially important biomaterials because of their chemical, physical, and biological properties. Our research indicates that CNTs exhibit high compatibility with bone tissue. The guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique is commonly applied to reconstruct alveolar bone and treat peri-implant bone defects.

Histochemical characteristics on minimodeling-based bone formation induced by anabolic drugs for osteoporotic treatment.

Modeling, the changes of bone size and shape, often takes place at the developmental stages, whereas bone remodeling-replacing old bone with new bone-predominantly occurs in adults. Unlike bone remodeling, bone formation induced by modeling i.e.

Comparative immunolocalization of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 in murine bone.

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the immunolocalization and gene expression of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) in osteoblasts, preosteoblasts, and osteocytes of murine bone to provide clues for a better understanding of the supply of phosphate ions (Pi) during bone mineralization.

Methods: Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 6) were fixed with a paraformaldehyde solution, and the right femora were extracted for immunodetection of TNALP and ENPP1, while the left tibiae were used for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to evaluate Tnalp and Enpp1 gene expression.

Results: TNALP was intensely localized on the basolateral cell membranes of mature osteoblasts and preosteoblastic cells.

Effects of exercise therapy on joint instability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: A systematic review.

Objective: Abnormal load stress caused by joint instability has been reported to be one of the factors responsible for the development of osteoarthritis (OA). However, few studies have investigated the efficacy of exercise therapy for patients with knee instability-induced OA, and there are no specific treatment guidelines or effects for this form of OA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exercise treatments for joint instability in patients with knee OA by a systematic review.

Development of a Simple and Practical Delirium Screening Tool for Use in Surgical Wards.

Background: Delirium is an important and common medical condition, particularly in hospitalized patients, that is associated with adverse outcomes. The identification, prevention, and treatment of delirium are increasingly regarded as major public health priorities.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to create a simple-to-use screening tool for delirium in hospitalized patients using clinical manifestations of delirium regularly observed by nurses.

Visual Biofeedback of Force Information for Eccentric Training of Hemiplegic Patients.

Motor learning issues for hemiplegics not only include motor impairments such as spastic paralysis, but reportedly also an inability to appropriately recognize somatic sensations. In this regard, biofeedback of movement information through visual information and auditory information has been found effective as a method for drawing attention to appropriate somatic sensations. In this context, here, we propose a novel eccentric training system utilizing visual biofeedback of force information.

Adaptive changes in foot placement for split-belt treadmill walking in individuals with stroke.

Background: Adaptation to split-belt treadmill walking differs between individual stroke survivors. Many discussions only address spatiotemporal parameters that are related to movement, and the changes in interlimb spatiotemporal parameters as a consequence of adaptation are poorly understood.

Objectives: To investigate symmetry of the center of pressure (CoP) position relative to the center of mass (CoM), and ascertain whether this can be used to identify differences in adaptation of interlimb spatiotemporal parameters among stroke survivors during split-belt walking.

Robot-Assisted Eccentric Contraction Training of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle Based on Position and Force Sensing.

The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical effects of a training robot that induced eccentric tibialis anterior muscle contraction by controlling the strength and speed. The speed and the strength are controlled simultaneously by introducing robot training with two different feedbacks: velocity feedback in the robot controller and force bio-feedback based on force visualization. By performing quantitative eccentric contraction training, it is expected that the fall risk reduces owing to the improved muscle function.

Fruitful first experience with an 8K ultra-high-definition endoscope for laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

We performed laparoscopic surgery for three cases of colorectal cancer using an 8K ultra-high-definition endoscopic system, which offers 16-fold higher resolution than the current 2K high-definition endoscope. The weight of the camera has been successfully reduced to 370 g. To maximize the advantages of the 8K ultra-high-definition endoscope, surgery was performed by darkening the room and placing a large 85-in.

Muscle synergies underlying sit-to-stand tasks in elderly people and their relationship with kinetic characteristics.

Background: Physiological evidence suggests that the nervous system controls motion by using a low-dimensional synergy organization for muscle activation. Because the muscle activation produces joint torques, kinetic changes accompanying aging can be related to changes in muscle synergies.

Objectives: We explored the effects of aging on muscle synergies underlying sit-to-stand tasks, and examined their relationships with kinetic characteristics.

Rehabilitation for hemiplegia using an upper limb training system based on a force direction.

Hemiplegia patients have complete paralysis of half their body, and encounter many challenges in living an independent life. Rehabilitation of the lower body is more important than that of the upper body for independent living; thus, recovering upper body functions of their paralyzed side is not enough. Rehabilitation robots may be used to assist training without therapists.

Age is the Most Significantly Associated Risk Factor With the Development of Delirium in Patients Hospitalized for More Than Five Days in Surgical Wards: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to assess risk factors for delirium in patients staying in a surgical ward for more than 5 days. The secondary purpose was to assess outcomes in patients with delirium.

Background: Delirium is a syndrome characterized by acute fluctuations in mental status.

Accuracy of Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography in the Preoperative Diagnosis of Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Gastric Cancer.

Background/aims: Preoperative lymph node staging in gastric cancer patients is important. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in assessing lymph nodes in patients with gastric cancer.

Methods: A total of 56 patients had undergone standardized gastric resection with lymphadenectomy between October 2013 and June 2015 were reviewed retrospectively.