Long-term imaging course of Chiari malformation type I due to fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome.

Introduction: McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) and fibrous dysplasia (FD) have been reported to cause Chiari type I malformation (CM1) and skull base invagination (BI).

Case: A 6-year-old girl was diagnosed with MAS and FD. She was diagnosed with CM1 at age 8 years, and the syringomyelia had gradually increased by age 20 years.

[Spinal Cord Tumors:Classification, Treatment, and Prognosis].

Spinal cord tumors are classified into three types according to the site of origin: epidural tumors, intradural extramedullary tumors, and intramedullary tumors. It is important to understand the common tumors at each site. Most intradural extramedullary tumors are benign schwannomas or meningiomas and need surgical removal.

Concurrent Ossification of the Posterior Atlantoaxial Interlaminar Membrane and Atlas Hypoplasia: A Case Report.

An onset of cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior atlantoaxial membrane (PAAM) is extremely rare in older patients, and its clinical characteristics are still unclear. We report an onset of ossification of PAAM with congenital atlas hypoplasia in an 81-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of progressive cervical myelopathy. Cervical computed tomography (CT) revealed canal stenosis secondary to a hypoplastic posterior arch of the atlas with a diameter of 20.

Bow Hunter's Stroke Due to Stretching of the Vertebral Artery Fenestration: A Case Report.

Bow Hunter's syndrome is an unusual symptomatic vertebrobasilar insufficiency resulting from intermittent mechanical compression of the vertebral artery, and is rarely a trigger for cerebral infarction following thrombus formation on the damaged endothelial vessels (Bow Hunter's stroke). The authors present an extremely rare case of a 45-year-old man showing Bow Hunter's stroke due to congenital vertebral artery fenestration stretching and sliding between C1 and C2 after head rotation to the right. Congenital vertebral artery anomaly rarely causes cerebral infarction, but could cause embolic strokes by mechanical stretching without bony abnormalities.

Syringomyelia and arachnoid cysts associated with spinal arachnoiditis following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A 66-year-old woman with primary Sjogren syndrome developed syringomyelia following two episodes of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to the rupture of basilar artery aneurysms. Gait disturbance and abnormal sensation with pain over the foot and abdomen appeared 3 years after the last SAH. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a syringomyelia throughout the thoracic cord, from the T2 to T11 levels.

[Remote cerebellar hemorrhage after cervical spinal surgery: two case reports and literature review].

Remote cerebellar hemorrhage (RCH) following spinal surgery is extremely rare. We present two cases of RCH following cervical spinal surgery. The first case is a 71-year-old female.

Positional vertebral artery compression and vertebrobasilar insufficiency due to a herniated cervical disc.

The authors report a case of vertebrobasilar insufficiency caused by vertebral artery (VA) compression due to a herniated cervical disc, which was surgically treated with the aid of intraoperative angiography. This 78-year-old man visited the hospital because of syncope following head rotation. Admission CT scans revealed a calcified mass adjacent to the right lateral process of the C-4 spine.

Remote cerebellar hemorrhage following thoracic spinal surgery.

A 51-year-old man underwent surgery for ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the T9-T10 levels. Intraoperatively, the dura was opened unintentionally and a subcutaneous suction drain was placed. The patient complained of severe headache and nausea postoperatively.

[Efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in neurosurgical operations].

Object: It is reported that antimicrobial prophylaxis (AMP) reduces the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in neurological surgery. However, a great deal of variation exists regarding the type of antibiotics, dose, timing and duration. In this study, the authors analyzed the incidence of SSI comparing two different AMP protocols.

[Spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma presenting with hemiparesis following neck extension: a case report].

A 42-year-old woman suddenly developed weakness in her left extremities when stretching her neck two days after the onset of a nuchal pain. Because computed tomography (CT) of the brain did not show any apparent lesion, the patient had initially been treated as having a cerebral infarction until magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine revealed a presence of a cervical epidural hematoma the next day. She was therefore transferred to our hospital, and a neurological examination showed moderate left hemiparesis, dissociated sensory loss under C6 on the right side, urinary incontinence, and left miosis and ptosis.

Expression of the constitutively activated RelA/NF-kappaB in human astrocytic tumors and the in vitro implication in the regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, migration, and invasion.

Although malignant gliomas are highly invasive tumors, a characteristic that contributes to the commonly observed therapeutic failures and local disease recurrences, the molecular events that regulate invasion in these tumors remain poorly understood. Because the transcription factor RelA/NF-kappaB has been shown to regulate invasion during several cellular processes, we have examined immunohistochemically expression of the constitutively activated RelA/NF-kappaB in tissues obtained from 49 astrocytic tumors [8 diffuse astrocytomas, 9 anaplastic astrocytomas (AAs) and 32 glioblastomas (GBMs)]. In addition, we examined the in vitro effects of antisense oligonucleotides and curcumin on the expression and activation of RelA/NF-kappaB, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) expression, migration, and invasion in the T98G glioma cell line.

Immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin in metastatic brain tumors.

The adhesion molecule E-cadherin has been shown to influence malignant transformation of tumors, including local and distant metastases. We examined the expression of E-cadherin to determine its relationship to the development of metastasis in metastatic brain tumors. Immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin and Ki-67 was carried out in 76 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival specimens of metastatic brain tumors and in 14 corresponding available primary tumors from patients who received treatment for metastatic brain tumors.

Relationship between expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, glutathione-S-transferase pi in glioblastoma and the survival of the patients treated with nimustine hydrochloride: an immunohistochemical analysis.

Drug resistance is one of the important factors that determine tumor response to chemotherapy. Several candidates for resistance to various chemotherapeutic agents have been elucidated. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes methylation damage induced by nitrosourea from the O6 position of DNA guanines before cell injury.