Pathological Complete Response to a Single Dose of Pembrolizumab-Based Chemoimmunotherapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A Case Report.

We herein describe a patient with non-small-cell lung cancer who achieved pCR with a single dose of pembrolizumab-based chemoimmunotherapy followed by surgery. A 61-year-old man was referred to our hospital with wheezing and an abnormal chest shadow. Squamous cell carcinoma of the left lower lobe, cT2aN1M0 stage IIB, was diagnosed and pembrolizumab-based chemoimmunotherapy was initiated at the patient's request.

An increased relative eosinophil count as a predictive dynamic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: An increased relative eosinophil count (REC) has potential as a predictive biomarker for a beneficial clinical response and outcome to cancer immunotherapies. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of an increased posttreatment REC on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all 151 patients diagnosed with NSCLC and treated with ICI monotherapy and blood test data between March 2016 and August 2021 at National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital and Tokushima University.

Suspected Aspergillus nodule histologically consistent with pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia:a case report.

Aspergillus nodules (AN) are an unusual form of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. On the other hand, pulmonary nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (PNLH) is classified as a reactive pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorder. A 65-year-old male was referred to our hospital due to a nodule in the left upper lobe.

Pretreatment eosinophil counts as a predictive biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: The peripheral blood eosinophil count prior to treatment has potential as a predictive biomarker for a beneficial clinical response to cancer immunotherapies. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of the eosinophil count on overall survival (OS) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with NSCLC and treated with ICI monotherapy between March 2016 and August 2021 at National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital and Tokushima University.

Non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR (L858R and E709X) and CNNB1 mutations responded to afatinib.

Lung cancer with complex epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and CTNNB1 comutations is rare, and the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is generally poor. Here, we encountered a lung cancer patient with complex EGFR (L858R and E709X) and CTNNB1 comutations who successfully responded to afatinib. A 78-year-old woman visited our hospital with a cough and bloody sputum that had worsened over the past year.

Late-onset acute type 1 diabetes mellitus 7 months after discontinuation of pembrolizumab against lung cancer.

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur in rare cases, even after the completion of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. We encountered a lung cancer patient diagnosed with acute-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) 7 months after the cessation of ICI. A 68-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for chest abnormalities.

Solitary Ground-Glass Nodule Mimicking Lung Cancer due to Focal Progression of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is often associated with lung cancer, but early malignant lesions mixed with fibrous lesions are not always easy to diagnose. A 78-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to a ground-glass nodule in the left upper lobe detected on chest high resolution computed tomography during follow-up of chronic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed that the ground-glass nodule was locally progressed usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP).

Early mortality factors in immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy for advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are a promising treatment, but may cause hyperprogressive disease and early death. The present study investigated early mortality factors in ICI monotherapy for lung cancer.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and treated with ICI monotherapy (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab) between March 2016 and August 2021 at National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital and Tokushima University.

Type A thymoma: a rare cause of neoplastic cardiac tamponade with long-term survival.

Background: The prognosis of thymoma with cardiac tamponade is generally poor. Most of the reported thymomas with cardiac tamponade were type B or type AB (mixed thymoma), and cardiac tamponade due to type A thymoma, which has a better prognosis compared to type B thymoma, is extremely rare.

Case Presentation: We encountered a case of cardiac tamponade in a 71-year-old male.

18FDG PET-Positive Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Mimicking Lung Cancer.

Adult cases of type 2 congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) are extremely rare, and no PET/CT findings have been reported for CPAM. We encountered a case of 18FDG PET-positive CPAM mimicking lung cancer in a 45-year-old asymptomatic man. CT revealed a large cavitary mass in the left lower lobe.

A single dose of pembrolizumab treatment causing a profound and durable response in lung cancer.

Profound and durable responses to a single dose of pembrolizumab in lung cancer are rare. We encountered a non-small cell lung cancer patient showing a deep and durable response with a single dose of pembrolizumab. A 79-year-old man reported bloody sputum for several weeks and visited a general physician.

Dramatic response to immunochemotherapy followed by salvage surgery in an elderly lung cancer patient.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have caused a paradigm shift in the treatment of lung cancer. Here, we encountered a case of inoperable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the lung that became operable with pembrolizumab-based immunochemotherapy and achieved a pathological complete response. An 82-year-old man suspected of having lung cancer was referred to our hospital.

Complete and durable response of pulmonary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma to pembrolizumab.

Background: Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare and aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and standard therapy has not yet been established.

Case: A 65-year-old male with a cough for 2 months presented to our hospital. He was clinically diagnosed with non small cell lung cancer cT3N1M0 stage IIIA and underwent right pneumonectomy.

Eosinophilic pleural effusion due to lung cancer has a better prognosis than non-eosinophilic malignant pleural effusion.

Objective: Tumor-related eosinophilia may have extended survival benefits for some cancer patients. However, there has been no report on the prognosis difference between eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) and non-EPE in lung cancer patients. Our study aimed to investigate the prognosis difference between EPE and non-EPE due to lung cancer.

Fan-shaped ground-glass opacity (GGO) as a premonitory sign of pulmonary infarction: a case report.

Radiological findings of pulmonary infarction have been well characterized mainly in established infarction. However, the early course CT appearance of patients who develop pulmonary infarction has not yet been fully elucidated. A 50-year-old female with a history of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) presented with dry cough and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of fan-shaped segmental ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the right lower lobe.

Solitary costal plasmacytoma mimicking lung cancer metastasis.

A clinical diagnosis of metastatic bone tumors is usually based on radiological findings without bone biopsy. Plasmacytoma can present as a single osteolytic lesion as described in this case. Early bone biopsy should be considered in unusual clinical settings for a differential diagnosis of primary bone tumors.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving a femur bone and bilateral adrenal glands alone with adrenal insufficiency.

Primary bone lymphoma and primary adrenal lymphoma are rare clinicopathological entities of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). We present the first case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with the involvement of a single bone and both adrenal glands alone with adrenal insufficiency. As primary extranodal NHL may have other unusual extranodal lesions, which may present unexplained clinical findings, patients with primary extranodal NHL require careful systemic examination, even when lymphadenopathy is absent.