Ethical Issues Encountered by Forensic Psychiatric Nurses in Japan.

Background: Criminals in Japan with mental disorders face penal servitude in prison or treatment under the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act, depending on their ability to take responsibility for their criminal acts. Forensic psychiatric nurses caring for this group may face various ethical issues.

Objective: This study aimed to identify ethical issues forensic psychiatric nurses in Japan encountered.

Phase II study of sequential S-1 and cyclophosphamide therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Background: S-1 and cyclophosphamide (CPA) can be given orally, and their combination may have great potential for treating metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A phase I study of sequential S-1 and CPA therapy was conducted in patients with MBC; the recommended doses that were determined for this regimen were 80 mg/m/day for S-1 and 100 mg/m/day for CPA. We then conducted a phase II study of this oral S-1 and CPA regimen.

FDG uptake reflects breast cancer immunological features: the PD-L1 expression and degree of TILs in primary breast cancer.

Background: High F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake has been reported to be a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. We investigated the relationship between FDG uptake and immunological factors, including the data of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), CD8, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).

Methods: Breast cancer tissues of 97 patients who underwent surgery without preoperative therapy were examined.

Relationship Between FDG Uptake and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer.

Background: F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) is used to evaluate the glucose metabolic rates of tumors. Several studies have reported that high FDG uptake is predictive of poor prognosis and aggressive features in patients with breast cancer. FDG uptake is influenced by many factors, including inflammation.

Clinicopathological Features of Ductal Carcinoma from F-FDG-PET Findings.

Aim: The presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) can increase the risk of developing an invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), but it is difficult to predict what will occur if a DCIS is left untreated. We reported the usefulness of F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for DCIS, and that the presence of FDG uptake in the tumor could be considered a predictor of invasive potential in patients with DCIS. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathological features of DCIS by using FDG-PET findings, and we evaluated the possibility of using FDG-PET in DCIS cases as a biomarker of which lesions will go on to become invasive.

[A Case of Solitary Metastasis to the Small Intestine from Sigmoid Colon Cancer after Treatment of Seven Multiple Cancers].

A 75-year-old woman who had undergone a Hartmann's operation for sigmoid colon cancer 2 years ago was hospitalized because she experienced small bowel obstruction several times. She had a treatment history of 6 other cancers, including 5 gastrointestinal tract cancers. However, the obstruction was relieved by conservative therapy each time.

[A new role of nursing in violence: a reconsideration of nursing of victims].

Forensic nursing is the application of forensic science to nursing. It provides direct patient care with relation to violence, abuse, crime, victimization and exploitation. Forensic nurses integrate forensic and nursing sciences in their assessment and care of victims and perpetrators.

[Possibilities and problems in the development of forensic nursing in Japan: a questionnaire survey of clinical nurses].

Forensic nursing scientifically obtains and preserves the criminal damage from victims of domestic violence, child abuse, elder abuse, sexual violence and other related forms of violence. This was developed in North America in the 1980s, and has carried out appropriate nursing care while protecting the human rights of victims. Serious crime in Japan has been increasing, and it would seem that forensic nursing opportunities should expand as well.

[Achievements in the objectives of a practicum as seen through changes in awareness of nursing and care techniques in a basic nursing practice].

This study aims to elucidate the level of achievement and the challenges in a basic nursing practicum for second-year nursing students through the association method. Analysis revealed various descriptions of learning through the practicum training experiences in terms of understanding the healthcare environment, planning and implementing daily life assistance, and involvement in building a supportive relationship with a care recipient. In this sense, we can assume that the goal of the practicum was achieved.

[The role of law in protection from violent and abusive patients].

What counter-measures can medical professionals take against violent and abusive patients in Japan? The aim of this article is to consider the role of law for protecting medical professionals from such patients in Japan, comparing it with its role in the UK. Medical professionals need to have legal knowledge for avoiding trouble after using such measures as "verbal defense" or "negotiation". When they use their body or objects for defense, they must use them within the limits of the law.