The Role of Zinc in the Development of Vascular Dementia and Parkinson's Disease and the Potential of Carnosine as Their Therapeutic Agent.

Synaptic zinc ions (Zn) play an important role in the development of vascular dementia (VD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In this article, we reviewed the current comprehension of the Zn-induced neurotoxicity that leads to the pathogenesis of these neuronal diseases. Zn-induced neurotoxicity was investigated by using immortalised hypothalamic neurons (GT1-7 cells).

Toxic Effects of Two Redox States of Thallium on Immortalised Hypothalamic GT1-7 Neuronal Cells.

Thallium (Tl), is a highly toxic heavy metal that exists in monovalent (Tl(I)) and trivalent (Tl(III)) ionic states. This study aimed to compare the toxicities of Tl(I) and Tl(III) in a mouse hypothalamic GT1-7 neuronal cell line. Decreased viability and increased cytotoxicity were observed in the GT1-7 cells 16 h after Tl(I) or Tl(III) treatment.

Enhancing Cytotoxicity of Tamoxifen Using Oil.

Aromatherapy and plant-based essential oils are widely used as complementary and alternative therapies for various symptoms, including anxiety, mild mood disorders, and cancer-related pain. In a previous study, we developed an in vitro assay using immortalized hypothalamic neuronal cells (GT1-7 cells). In this study, we used this assay to investigate the effects of oil on the cytotoxicity of the oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist: tamoxifen (TMX).

An In Vitro System Comprising Immortalized Hypothalamic Neuronal Cells (GT1-7 Cells) for Evaluation of the Neuroendocrine Effects of Essential Oils.

Aromatherapy and plant-based essential oils are widely used as complementary and alternative therapies for symptoms including anxiety. Furthermore, it was reportedly effective for the care of several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and depressive illness. To investigate the pharmacological effects of essential oils, we developed an in vitro assay system using immortalized hypothalamic neuronal cells (GT1-7 cells).

Protective activity of carnosine and anserine against zinc-induced neurotoxicity: a possible treatment for vascular dementia.

Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a small dipeptide with numerous beneficial effects, including the maintenance of the acid-base balance, antioxidant properties, chelating agent, anti-crosslinking, and anti-glycation activities. High levels of carnosine and its analogue anserine (1-methyl carnosine) are found in skeletal muscle and the brain. Zinc (Zn)-induced neurotoxicity plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VD), and carnosine inhibits Zn-induced neuronal death.