A novel set of volatile urinary biomarkers for late-life major depressive and anxiety disorders upon the progression of frailty: a pilot study.

Mood and anxiety disorders are frequent in the elderly and increase the risk of frailty. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers of major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety in the elderly. We examined 639 participants in the community-dwelling Otassha Study (518 individuals considered healthy control, 77 with depression, anxiety, etc.

GREB1 isoform 4 is specifically transcribed by MITF and required for melanoma proliferation.

Growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1) is involved in hormone-dependent and -independent tumor development (e.g., hepatoblastoma).

Relationship between [F]FDG PET/CT and metabolomics in patients with colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Advances in metabolomics have significantly improved cancer detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between metabolic tumor volume (MTV) using 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/ computed tomography (CT) and metabolomics data in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: The metabolome in tumor tissues was analyzed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry in 33 patients with newly diagnosed CRC who underwent FDG PET/CT before treatment and had tumor tissue post-surgery.

Evaluation of Renal Blood Flow in Dogs during Short-Term Human-Dose Epoprostenol Administration Using Pulsed Doppler and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography.

Prostacyclin is an in vivo bioactive substance that regulates renal blood flow (RBF). Information regarding how epoprostenol, a prostacyclin preparation, affects RBF in dogs is lacking. We investigated the effects of short-term epoprostenol administration on RBF in six healthy dogs under anesthesia by administering it intravenously at human doses-2, 5, and 10 ng/kg/min for 20 min.

Maximum volume of nasal administration using a mucosal atomization device without aspiration in Japanese White rabbits.

Recently, a mucosal atomization device (MAD) has been applied in veterinary medicine. In the present study, the maximum volume of nasal atomization without aspiration using MAD was examined in eight healthy female Japanese White (JW) rabbits. Each rabbit had their head and neck examined by computed tomography before and after nasal atomization with four different doses (0.

Light-Assisted Rechargeable Lithium Batteries: Organic Molecules for Simultaneous Energy Harvesting and Storage.

Lithium batteries that could be charged on exposure to sunlight will bring exciting new energy storage technologies. Here, we report a photorechargeable lithium battery employing nature-derived organic molecules as a photoactive and lithium storage electrode material. By absorbing sunlight of a desired frequency, lithiated tetrakislawsone electrodes generate electron-hole pairs.

The anesthetic effects of intramuscular alfaxalone in dogs premedicated with low-dose medetomidine and/or butorphanol.

We aimed to evaluate the induction, anesthesia, and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular (IM) anesthetic protocol with alfaxalone following premedication with low-dose medetomidine, butorphanol, or a combination of both (medetomidine-butorphanol) in dogs. Six healthy beagles were administered 1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg alfaxalone IM following premedication with low-dose medetomidine (5 µg/kg; MA-IM), butorphanol (0.

Lithium, sodium and magnesium ion conduction in solid state mixed polymer electrolytes.

Alkali and alkaline earth metal-ion batteries are currently among the most efficient electrochemical energy storage devices. However, their stability and safety performance are greatly limited when used with volatile organic liquid electrolytes. A solid state polymer electrolyte is a prospective solution even though poor ionic conductivity at room temperature remains a bottleneck.

Highly sensitive transient reflection measurement in extreme ultraviolet region for tracking carrier and coherent phonon dynamics.

A highly sensitive method for detecting transient reflection in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region was developed on the basis of high-order harmonics for tracking carrier and coherent phonon dynamics. The use of lock-in detection and boxcar integration enables us to observe optical modulation (ΔR/R) as high as 1 × 10, and the data acquisition takes only four minutes. XUV transient reflections of bismuth exhibited exponential decay originating from excited carriers and periodic oscillation originating from A optical phonons.

Urinary volatilome analysis in a mouse model of anxiety and depression.

Psychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety comprise a broad range of conditions with different symptoms. We have developed a mouse model of depression/anxiety in mice deficient in the St3gal4 gene. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in St3gal4-deficient (St3gal4-KO) and wild-type mice using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and we screened 18 putative VOCs.

Graphene Supported MoS Structures with High Defect Density for an Efficient HER Electrocatalysts.

The development of novel efficient and robust electrocatalysts with sufficient active sites is one of the key parameters for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) catalysis, which plays a key role in hydrogen production for clean energy harvesting. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially those based upon transition metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS), have gained attention for the catalysis of hydrogen production because of their exceptional properties. Innovative strategies have been developed to engineer these material systems for improvements in their catalytic activity.

Phosphoethanolamine Accumulation Protects Cancer Cells under Glutamine Starvation through Downregulation of PCYT2.

Tolerance to severe tumor microenvironments, including hypoxia and nutrient starvation, is a common feature of aggressive cancer cells and can be targeted. However, metabolic alterations that support cancer cells upon nutrient starvation are not well understood. Here, by comprehensive metabolome analyses, we show that glutamine deprivation leads to phosphoethanolamine (PEtn) accumulation in cancer cells via the downregulation of PEtn cytidylyltransferase (PCYT2), a rate-limiting enzyme of phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis.

Psychometric profile of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Japanese translation.

Background: This study assessed the psychometric profile of 10 questionnaires (every 6 months, from 6 to 60 months) from the Japanese translation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, third edition (J-ASQ-3).

Methods: Data from 439 children in a birth cohort were used to identify the J-ASQ-3 score distribution, establish cut-off scores, and calculate the instrument's internal consistency. Data were also collected from 491 outpatients to examine J-ASQ-3 test-retest reliability and concurrent validity, which was examined using the Kyoto Scale of Psychological Development (KSPD) and the Japanese version of the Denver Developmental Screening Test II (J-Denver II).

Urinary volatile metabolites of amygdala-kindled mice reveal novel biomarkers associated with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting mammals, including humans. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with poor quality of life, accidents, and sudden death. In particular, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, which easily gets out of control in human adults.

Cancer stem-like properties and gefitinib resistance are dependent on purine synthetic metabolism mediated by the mitochondrial enzyme MTHFD2.

Tumor recurrence is attributable to cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), the metabolic mechanisms of which currently remain obscure. Here, we uncovered the critical role of folate-mediated one-carbon (1C) metabolism involving mitochondrial methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) and its downstream purine synthesis pathway. MTHFD2 knockdown greatly reduced tumorigenesis and stem-like properties, which were associated with purine nucleotide deficiency, and caused marked accumulation of 5-aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR)-the final intermediate of the purine synthesis pathway.

Trans-omic Analysis Reveals Selective Responses to Induced and Basal Insulin across Signaling, Transcriptional, and Metabolic Networks.

The concentrations of insulin selectively regulate multiple cellular functions. To understand how insulin concentrations are interpreted by cells, we constructed a trans-omic network of insulin action in FAO hepatoma cells using transcriptomic data, western blotting analysis of signaling proteins, and metabolomic data. By integrating sensitivity into the trans-omic network, we identified the selective trans-omic networks stimulated by high and low doses of insulin, denoted as induced and basal insulin signals, respectively.