Background: To determine whether exposure of the cornea and retina of rats to flashes from a commercial photographic flash lamp is phototoxic.
Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 10, 100, or 1,000 flashes of the OPTICAM 16M photographic flash lamp (Fujikoeki, Japan) placed 0.1, 1, or 3 m from the eyes.