Vonoprazan-based triple therapy is non-inferior to susceptibility-guided proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication.

Background: All Helicobacter pylori-infected patients are recommended for eradication with an appropriate regimen in each geographic area. The choice of the therapy is somewhat dependent on the antimicrobial susceptibility. The rate of clarithromycin resistance has been increasing and is associated with failure; thus, susceptibility testing is recommended before triple therapy with clarithromycin.

Possibility of preventing colorectal carcinogenesis with probiotics.

Background/aims: There have been no reports on the relationship between the analyses of the intestinal flora of colorectal cancer patients and colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study we investigated the differences between the intestinal flora of colorectal cancer patients and healthy subjects and assessed the possibility of using probiotics to prevent colorectal carcinogenesis.

Methodology: The subjects were 10 colorectal cancer patients and 20 healthy persons.

Laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer with carcinomatous ascites after S1 plus cisplatin chemotherapy: a case report.

A 29-year-old man with a type 4 tumor, in the lower third of the stomach, and carcinomatous ascites was diagnosed by aspiration cytology of the ascitic fluid. Curative resection was considered impossible, and S1 (120 mg/d) and cisplatin (90 mg/d) were given for 21 days in 1 course. The cancer lesion showed marked remission (partial response), and the ascites completely disappeared after the fourth course.

Effects of Lansoprazole on the Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signal Transduction Systems: A Study Using the 293hTLR4/MD2-CD14 Cells.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of lansoprazole (LPZ) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal transduction systems using the 293hTLR4/MD2-CD14 cells. The cells were incubated and then divided into the following groups: (a) untreated group, (b) non-LPZ treated (1h) group, (c) LPZ-treated (1h) plus non LPS-stimulated (1h) group, (d) LPZ-treated (1h) plus non LPS-stimulated (6h) group, (e) LPZ-treated (1h) plus LPS-stimulated (1h) group, (f) LPZ-treated (1h) plus LPS-stimulated (6h) group, (g) non LPZ-treated (1h) plus LPS-stimulated (1h) group and (h) non LPZ-treated (1h) plus LPS-stimulated (6h) group. Samples from each group were subjected to western blotting for analysis of IkB phosphorylation, intranuclear transfer of NF-kB, phosphorylation of MAP kinase (MAPK), intranuclear transfer of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), and expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1).

[Pre- and probiotics increase host-cell immunological competence, improve bowel movement, and prevent the onset of colon cancer--an analysis based on movements of intestinal microbiota].

The activation of host immunological competence through improvement of the intestinal environment by pre and probiotics has been reported. NK cell activity, the bactericidal phagocytic activities of neutrophils in peripheral blood, and bowel movements and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in intestinal microbiota increase after the administration of pre- and probiotics. SCFAs shift to acidosis of the intestinal environment and advance apoptosis.

New double-stapling technique for esophagojejunostomy and esophagogastrostomy in gastric cancer surgery, using a peroral intraluminal approach with a digital stapling system.

In the abdominal-transhiatal approach for resection of adenocarcinoma of the cardia or subcardia, and in laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG), the use of a circular stapling device has potential problems with the placement of the purse-string suture and insertion of the anvil of the instrument. We describe a new double-stapling technique for esophagojejunostomy and esophagogastrostomy, using a peroral intraluminal approach with a digital stapling system, a flexible shaft remote-control stapler - the Surg-ASSIST and Power Circular Stapler 21 mm (PCS). The overtube of the flexible shaft of the PCS is prepared with a nylon tie and secured to a nasogastric (NG) tube.

Single nucleotide polymorphism typing of the human toll-like receptor 4 gene at the 2-kb upstream region of the 5' untranslated region: New enclosure strategy for the risk grouping of poorly-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma patients.

To date, no enclosure method for risk grouping patients with poorly-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma has been identified. We examined the relationship between mutations in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and patients with poorly-differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 38 patients, 20 with well-differentiated and 18 with poorly-differentiated gastric cancer, from 25 patients with colorectal cancer and from 10 healthy volunteers.

High incidence of Dieulafoy's lesions in upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with polyarteritis--clinical examination of patients of polyarteritis nodosa with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.

Background/aims: Polyarteritis nodosa (PN) has been classified into polyarteritis (PA) and microscopic polyarteritis (MA) histologically. To clarify of the characteristics of upper gastrointestinal bleeding lesions in PN, we investigated the patients of PN with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Methodology: The subjects of this study were 21 patients of PN with RPGN (PA: 11, MA: 10) who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

[Early phase II dose-finding study of exemestane in postmenopausal patients with advanced/recurrent breast cancer].

Exemestane was administered orally to postmenopausal women with advanced/recurrent breast cancer at a dose of 10 mg/day or 25 mg/day once daily for more than 8 weeks in order to evaluate the drug's anti-tumor effects and safety in a dose-finding study. The response rate (CR + PR) in the 10 mg and 25 mg group was 25.0% (8/32) and 31.