Gilteritinib-Induced Hypopituitarism: A Case Report.

Gilteritinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that treats acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by inhibiting FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3). This is a report on hypopituitarism induced by gilteritinib and its resolution following withdrawal. A 54-year-old woman was treated with gilteritinib for AML.

Milestone Papers on Signal Transduction Mechanisms of Hypertension and Its Complications.

To celebrate 100 years of American Heart Association-supported cardiovascular disease research, this review article highlights milestone papers that have significantly contributed to the current understanding of the signaling mechanisms driving hypertension and associated cardiovascular disorders. This article also includes a few of the future research directions arising from these critical findings. To accomplish this important mission, 4 principal investigators gathered their efforts to cover distinct yet intricately related areas of signaling mechanisms pertaining to the pathogenesis of hypertension.

Infused juice concentrate of Japanese plum Prunus mume attenuates inflammatory vascular remodeling in a mouse model of hypertension induced by angiotensin II.

Fruit from the Prunus mume tree is a traditional food in Japan. Recently, bainiku-ekisu, an infused juice concentrate of Japanese Prunus mume, is attracting attention as a health promoting supplement. Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a central role in development of hypertension.

Angiotensin II Type 1A Receptor Expressed in Smooth Muscle Cells is Required for Hypertensive Vascular Remodeling in Mice Infused With Angiotensin II.

Background: Ang II (angiotensin II) type 1 (AT) receptors play a critical role in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Rodents have 2 types of AT receptor (AT and AT) of which knock-in -mediated smooth muscle AT silencing attenuated Ang II-induced hypertension. Although vascular remodeling, a significant contributor to organ damage, occurs concurrently with hypertension in Ang II-infused mice, the contribution of smooth muscle AT in this process remains unexplored.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Chemical Chaperone 3-Hydroxy-2-Naphthoic Acid Reduces Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Remodeling and Hypertension In Vivo and Protein Synthesis In Vitro.

Background Investigations into alternative treatments for hypertension are necessary because current treatments cannot fully reduce the risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Chronic activation of unfolded protein response attributable to the endoplasmic reticulum stress has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for hypertension and associated vascular remodeling. Triggered by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, chronic unfolded protein response leads to downstream signaling of cellular inflammation and dysfunction.

Comprehensive immunophenotypic analysis reveals the pathological involvement of Th17 cells in Graves' disease.

Graves' disease (GD) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, but there are a few studies that have evaluated how immunophenotypes are related to clinical symptoms and intractable pathology, or the effects of treatment on immunophenotypes. We performed peripheral blood immunophenotyping in GD. We assessed the proportion of functional subsets of T helper cells (such as Th1, Th17, Treg and Tfh cells), B cells (Naïve, IgM memory, Class-switched, IgDCD27 double negative and Plasmablasts cells), Monocytes, Dendritic cells and NK cells, and evaluated the relationship of immunophenotypes with clinical indices, disease activity, risk of relapse, and changes in immunophenotypes after treatment with antithyroid drugs.

[A Case of Reactive Hypoglycemia Exacerbated Before Menstruation Improved by the Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring].

A 40-year-old female patient was referred to our department with a complaint of postprandial hypoglycemia. We performed a 75g oral glucose tolerance test, and the patient was diagnosed as having impaired glucose tolerance with a 1-hour blood glucose of 245 mg/dl and a 2-hour blood glucose of 196 mg/dl. The patient also showed hypoglycemia with a 6-hour blood glucose of 46 mg/dl, and delayed hypersecretion of insulin, which was diagnosed as reactive hypoglycemia.

Association Between Time in Range and Postprandial Glucose Contribution Rate in Non-Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Inverse Correlation of Time in Range with Postprandial Glucose Contribution Rate.

Whether time in range (TIR), a parameter derived from continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), is a marker of postprandial hyperglycemia remains to be determined. In this study, we examined the association between TIR and postprandial glucose in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Our cross-sectional study included 729 non-insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent CGM without any changes in drug therapy on admission.

Hypoglycemia induces vascular endothelial dysfunction in subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

This prospective study determined the effects of hypoglycemic stimulation on vascular endothelial function in non-diabetic patients using reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT). The study included non-diabetic patients who were hospitalized for an insulin tolerance test (ITT) for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism or hypopituitarism. Vascular endothelial function was assessed using the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) measured by the RH-PAT.

Risk Factor Analysis for Type 2 Diabetes Patients About Hypoglycemia Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Results from a Prospective Observational Study.

To determine the relationship between hypoglycemia and glucose variability in outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study participants were 999 outpatients with T2DM who used the FreeStyle Libre Pro for continuous glucose monitoring (FLP-CGM). Hypoglycemia was defined as glucose level of <3.

Glucose consumption of vascular cell types in culture: toward optimization of experimental conditions.

In this study, we have looked for an optimum media glucose concentration and compared glucose consumption in three vascular cell types, endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) with or without angiotensin II (AngII) stimulation. In a subconfluent 6-well experiment in 1 mL DMEM with a standard low (100 mg/dL), a standard high (450 mg/dL), or a mixed middle (275 mg/dL) glucose concentration, steady and significant glucose consumption was observed in all cell types. After 48-h incubation, media that contained low glucose was reduced to almost 0 mg/dL, media that contained high glucose remained significantly higher at ∼275 mg/dL, and media that contained middle glucose remained closer to physiological range.

Angiotensin II inhibition: a potential treatment to slow the progression of sarcopenia.

Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which is associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. The etiology of sarcopenia has been postulated to be multifactorial with genetics, aging, immobility, nutritional deficiencies, inflammation, stress, and endocrine factors all contributing to the imbalance of muscle anabolism and catabolism. The prevalence of sarcopenia is estimated to range from 13 to 24% in adults over 60 years of age and up to 50% in persons aged 80 and older.

An enhanced mitochondrial function through glutamine metabolism in plasmablast differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective: To evaluate the dysfunction of B-cell metabolism and its involvement in SLE pathology.

Methods: We assessed the expression of metabolic markers of B cells in the peripheral blood of healthy controls (HCs) and SLE patients by using flow cytometry. In vitro, peripheral B cells were isolated from HCs and SLE patients to investigate the metabolic regulation mechanisms involved in their differentiation.

Relationship between blood glucose variability in ambulatory glucose profile and standardized continuous glucose monitoring metrics: Subanalysis of a prospective cohort study.

Aim: To clarify the relationship between ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) indexes and standardized continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This is an exploratory, cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected from a prospective, multicentre, 5-year follow-up observational study conducted and published previously by our group. The study participants were 999 outpatients with T2D who used CGM at baseline, and had no apparent history of cardiovascular disease.

Blood glucose dynamics during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and normal glucose tolerance: effects of CPAP therapy.

Purpose: Glycemic variability (GV) and hypoglycemia during nighttime are presumed to be associated with fatal bradycardia. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate blood glucose dynamics during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) and normal glucose tolerance.

Methods: Patients with OSA and no diabetes who underwent type 1 overnight polysomnography from December 2018 to May 2020 participated in this study.

The Influence of Tofogliflozin on Treatment-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Treatment-related quality of life (QOL) is an important aspect of diabetes management. We evaluated the influence of a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, tofogliflozin, on treatment-related QOL in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This is the prespecified subanalysis study of the "Using TOfogliflozin for Possible better Intervention against Atherosclerosis for type 2 diabetes patients (UTOPIA)" trial.

Soluble (pro)renin receptor: a novel ligand for angiotensin II type 1 receptor?

This commentary highlights the study entitled 'Soluble (pro)renin receptor induces endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in mice with diet-induced obesity via activation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor' presented by Fu et al. published in Clinical Science (Clin Sci (Lond) (2021) 135(6), https://doi.org/10.

Work Environment-related Stress Factors are Correlated with Diabetes Development in Workers with Impaired Glucose Tolerance: A 5-year Follow-up Study Using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ).

Several previous studies have investigated the effects of occupational stress on the onset of diabetes mellitus (DM), but there are few studies of occupational stress and DM using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), a standard stress check method in Japan. This study aimed to determine the relationship between occupational stress factors and the onset of DM using the BJSQ. We examined 6,620 male company workers aged 40 years and above in 2013, using the BJSQ.

Associations between continuous glucose monitoring-derived metrics and diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Preventing the development and progression of diabetic microvascular complications through optimal blood glucose control remains an important challenge. Whether metrics based on continuous glucose monitoring are useful for the management of diabetic microvascular complications is not entirely clear.

Research Design And Methods: This is an exploratory analysis of an ongoing prospective, multicenter, 5-year follow-up observational study.

Relationship between glycemic intraday variations evaluated in continuous glucose monitoring and HbA1c variability in type 2 diabetes: pilot study.

Background: HbA1c variability is independent of mean HbA1c, and associated with mortality due to vascular complications. However, the significance of HbA1c variability is unknown at present. In this study, we used flash glucose monitoring (FGM) and evaluated glycemic intraday variations, and then examined the association with HbA1c variability.