Preparation of dual-stimuli-responsive liposomes using methacrylate-based copolymers with pH and temperature sensitivities for precisely controlled release.

Dual-signal-sensitive copolymers were synthesized by copolymerization of methoxy diethylene glycol methacrylate, methacrylic acid, and lauroxy tetraethylene glycol methacrylate, which respectively provide temperature sensitivity, pH sensitivity, and anchoring to liposome surfaces. These novel copolymers, with water solubility that differs depending on temperature and pH, are soluble in water under neutral pH and low-temperature conditions, but they become water-insoluble and form aggregates under acidic pH and high-temperature conditions. Liposomes modified with these copolymers exhibited enhanced content release at weakly acidic pH with increasing temperature, although no temperature-dependent content release was observed in neutral conditions.

Development of novel multifunctional cosmetic raw materials and their applications. IV. The effect of structure of polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene derivative on the self-organizing structures of surfactants.

In this study, the effect of a random copolymer of polyoxyethylene (POE, 38 mol)/polyoxypropylene (POP, 10 mol) pentaerythrytol tetramethyl ether [PEPTME (38/10)], which is unable to form a self-organizing structure on account of its bulkiness, on the microemulsion phase was examined. The phase diagram of the liquid paraffin - nonionic surfactant+PEPTME (38/10) - water system was compared with that of polyoxyethylene (POE)/polyoxypropylene (POP) dimethyl ether (EPDME) system which has a straight-chain structure. In the previous study, the authors reported that a special droplet type microemulsion (highly concentrated microemulsion) was formed, when EPDME was distributed in the hydrophilic moiety of a surfactant in a lamellar liquid crystalline phase.

Early gastric cancer located just above Dieulafoy's ulcer, with massive bleeding.

In 2003, a 69-year-old man visited our emergency department because of hematemesis and anemia. Emergency gastroscopy revealed massive bleeding from Dieulafoy's ulcer in the upper body of the stomach. The arterial bleeding was successfully controlled by endoscopic clipping.

Gastric cancer treated in 1991 in Japan: data analysis of nationwide registry.

The Japanese Gastric Cancer Association Registration Committee reported the treatment results and causes of death of patients with primary gastric cancer treated in 1991 at the leading hospitals in Japan. Data of 8851 patients with primary gastric cancer were collected from 113 hospitals, and data of 7935 patients with gastric resection were finally analyzed. The lost-to-follow-up rate was 6.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy for advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Although pancreaticoduodenectomy has been rarely performed for gastric cancer because of frequent morbidity and mortality, some favorable results after this procedure have been reported recently. Our objective was to present our data that might aid in the selection of patients to undergo this procedure.

Methods: Between 1970 and 2001, 23 patients who had pancreaticoduodenectomy for gastric cancer with tumor invading the pancreatic head were identified, and they were the subjects of this study.

Artificial neural network for prediction of lymph node metastases in gastric cancer: a phase II diagnostic study.

Background: Extension of lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer is controversial, and preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastases (LNM) is difficult. Therefore, knowledge-based systems such as the Maruyama computer program (MCP) are being developed. MCP shows good prognostic value for the compartments; however, for different lymph node groups (LNG) there are a large number of false positives.

Pharmacology of intraperitoneal CPT-11.

CPT-11 is clearly one of the most important new anticancer drugs developed in the last few decades, and CPT-11 combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin is considered as reference first-line chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. CPT-11 has a complex pharmacologic profile in vivo, and it needs caboxylesterase-mediated biotransformation to SN-38 before production of its cytotoxic effect. Intraperitoneal administration of CPT-11 has been studied recently in murine models and presented some potential advantage over the intravenous (i.

Decreasing complication rates with stapled esophagojejunostomy following a learning curve.

BACKGROUND: Recently, two reports of clinical trials on gastric cancer surgery have reported high mortality following extended lymph node dissection. In these reports, anastomotic leakage at the esophagojejunostomy was observed in approximately 10% of patients, with high mortality. These data highlight the importance of avoiding this complication.

Incidence of nodal metastasis around the superior border of the pancreas based on number of metastatic perigastric nodes.

Lymph nodes along the superior border of the pancreas are not usually dissected in Western countries. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the number of metastatic perigastric nodes is predictive of supra-pancreatic nodal disease. Supra-pancreatic nodes are the nodes along the left gastric, common hepatic, celiac, or splenic arteries, including the splenic hilum.