A nationwide survey of antimicrobial resistance of isolated from broiler chickens in Malawi.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health challenge with profound implications across sectors. Livestock, a significant field at the One Health interface, lacks sufficient information, particularly in low-resource settings such as Malawi.

Objectives: We determined the antimicrobial resistance rates of isolated from broiler chickens in Malawi and explored the relationship between resistance genes across sectors using genomic analysis.

Antimicrobial-resistant Helicobacter pylori in Japan: Report of nationwide surveillance for 2018-2020.

Background: Antimicrobial therapy is necessary to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria poses a threat to continued treatment with antimicrobial agents. For those who prescribe antimicrobial therapy, it is necessary to constantly monitor the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

Protocol for detecting Helicobacter suis infection in gastric biopsies and serum by PCR and ELISA.

Infection with Helicobacter suis, which causes many cases of gastric disease, is not reliably diagnosed. Here, we present a protocol for detecting H. suis infection.

Genotyping of strains isolated in Japan during 2019 and 2020: spread of gene type 2c and 2j variant strains.

We characterized 118 strains isolated from three areas of Japan (Saitama, Kanagawa, and Osaka) during the period of 2019 and 2020. Genotyping of the gene in these strains revealed that 29 of them were type 1 lineage (29/118, 24.6%), while 89 were type 2 lineage (89/118, 75.

Temporal shifts in the predominant carbapenemase gene types among carbapenemase-producing isolated in Bangkok, Thailand, during 2013-2016.

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have emerged as a global threat to public health and clinical practice. In Thailand, reports describing CPEs carrying and -like genes have been increasing recently; however, data on detailed plasmid analysis and temporal shift of sequence type and carbapenemase type are limited. In this study, we analysed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of clinically isolated carbapenemase-producing (CPKP) to reveal the molecular epidemiology of CPKP in a tertiary-care hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.

Development of serological assays to identify and . infections.

, hosted by hogs, is the most prevalent gastric non- species found in humans. Recent studies have suggested that infection has caused many cases of gastric disease, but the transmission route from hogs remains unclear. Diagnostic methods based on urease activity often yield negative results, and there is no reliable method for diagnosing infection in clinical practice without gastric biopsy specimens.

Helicobacter ailurogastricus in Patient with Multiple Refractory Gastric Ulcers, Japan.

We report the isolation of Helicobacter ailurogastricus, a Helicobacter species that infects cats and dogs, from a person with multiple refractory gastric ulcers. In addition to H. suis, which infects pigs, Helicobacter species that infect cats and dogs should be considered as potential gastric pathogens in humans.

Association between the proportion of laparoscopic approaches for digestive surgeries and the incidence of consequent surgical site infections, 2009-2019: A retrospective observational study based on national surveillance data in Japan.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections. Laparoscopy is increasingly being used in various surgical procedures. However, no study has examined the association between the proportion of laparoscopic procedures and the incidence of SSIs in digestive surgery using nationwide surveillance data.

Genomic Epidemiological Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria with Nanopore Sequencing.

Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacterial infections caused by clinically important bacteria, including ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) and mycobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria), have become a global public health threat. Their epidemic and pandemic clones often accumulate useful accessory genes in their genomes, such as AMR genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs). This process is facilitated by horizontal gene transfer among microbial communities via mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids and phages.

A Nationwide Plasmidome Surveillance in Thailand Reveals a Limited Variety of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Carbapenem-Resistant Clones and Spreading Plasmids.

Despite frequent identification of plasmids carrying carbapenemase genes, the transfer of plasmids carrying carbapenemase genes is not well recognized in clinical settings because of technical limitations. To investigate the detailed mechanisms of the spread of carbapenem-resistant (CRE), we performed multifaceted genomic surveillance of CRE isolates in Thailand and analyzed their plasmidome. We analyzed 371 isolates carrying and 114 isolates carrying obtained from clinical samples of 473 patients in 11 representative hospitals located in six provinces in Thailand between 2012 and 2017.

Clonal dissemination of carbapenem-resistant ST16 co-producing NDM-1 and OXA-232 in Thailand.

Background: ST258 and ST11 carrying are among the most widespread carbapenem-resistant strains worldwide. Our carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae surveillance in Thailand revealed a nationwide dissemination of ST16 isolates carrying and .

Objectives: To analyse the genomic details of this nationwide dissemination by focusing on plasmids and virulence factors.

Establishment of a reference panel of Helicobacter pylori strains for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Background: Eradication treatment for Helicobacter pylori gastritis is covered by national health insurance since 2013 in Japan. However, eradication failure due to the increase of antimicrobial resistance has become a serious problem. The present study aims to establish a reference panel of Japanese H.

The First Reported Case of Bacteremia in a Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.

We describe a case of bacteremia in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient caused by a strain lacking 2 major virulence factors, filamentous hemagglutinin and fimbriae. Although bacteremia is uncommon, physicians should be aware that even attenuated strains can cause invasive infection in immunocompromised patients. is a gram-negative coccobacillus that causes a severe paroxysmal coughing disease known as whooping cough or pertussis.

Emergence of mobile tigecycline resistance gene tet(X4)-harbouring Shewanella xiamenensis in a water environment.

Objectives: Tigecycline resistance mediated by the mobile tigecycline-inactivating enzyme gene tet(X) in Gram-negative bacteria is an emerging concern for global public health. However, limited information is available on the distribution of tet(X) in the natural environment. In this study, we investigated the presence of tet(X) in environmental Gram-negative bacteria.

Expansion of KPC-producing Enterobacterales in four large hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Objectives: The incidence of carbapenem resistance among nosocomial Gram-negative bacteria in Vietnam is high and increasing, including among Enterobacterales. In this study, we assessed the presence of one of the main carbapenemase genes, bla, among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) from four large hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam, between 2010 and 2015, and described their key molecular characteristics.

Methods: KPC-producing Enterobacterales were detected using conventional PCR and were further analysed using S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE), Southern blotting and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for sequence typing and genetic characterisation.

A Transferable IncC-IncX3 Hybrid Plasmid Cocarrying , (X), and Confers Resistance to Carbapenem and Tigecycline.

Tigecycline is a last-resort antimicrobial against carbapenemase-producing (CPE). However, mobile tigecycline resistance genes, (X) and , have emerged in China and have spread possibly worldwide. Tet(X) family proteins function as tigecycline-inactivating enzymes, and TMexCD-TOprJ complexes function as efflux pumps for tigecycline.

Resistance mechanisms and genetic relatedness among carbapenem-resistant isolates from three major hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam (2011-15).

Background: MDR bacteria including carbapenem-resistant are recognized as an important cause of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. This investigation seeks to determine the molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance genes associated with carbapenem-resistant .

Methods: We conducted WGS and phylogenetic analysis of 72 carbapenem-resistant isolated from hospital-acquired infection patients from August 2011 to March 2015 in three major hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam.

Plasmid analysis of NDM metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales isolated in Vietnam.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represent a serious threat to public health due to the lack of treatment and high mortality. The rate of antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacterales isolates to major antimicrobials, including carbapenems, is much higher in Vietnam than in Western countries, but the reasons remain unknown due to the lack of genomic epidemiology research. A previous study suggested that carbapenem resistance genes, such as the carbapenemase gene blaNDM, spread via plasmids among Enterobacterales in Vietnam.