Surgical outcome in patients with lung adenocarcinoma with mucin.

Objective: Mucin-producing adenocarcinoma is a less common variant of lung adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma cells with mucin can spread through the airspace via mucus-mediated extension, leading to their implantation in distant normal lungs. Consequently, post-operative intrapulmonary recurrence frequently occurs.

Clinicopathological study of fractional exhaled nitric oxide dynamics and intratumoral inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in primary lung cancer patients.

Background: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor cells and contributes to tumorigenesis. Nitric oxide, an indicator of airway inflammation, is concurrently produced in the airway epithelium. However, the interrelationships and predictive importance of iNOS remain unclear.

Increasing monocytes after lung cancer surgery triggers the outgrowth of distant metastases, causing recurrence.

Patients with lung cancer have a high incidence of tumor recurrence even after curative surgical resection. Some reports indicated that immunosuppressive cells induced by surgical stress could contribute to tumor recurrence after surgery; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we found that increased postoperative blood monocytes served as a risk factor for tumor recurrence in 192 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Gene Duplication of Androgen Receptor As An Evolutionary Driving Force Underlying the Diversity of Sexual Characteristics in Teleost Fishes.

Sexual dimorphism allows species to meet their fitness optima based on the physiological availability of each sex. Although intralocus sexual conflict appears to be a genetic constraint for the evolution of sex-specific traits, sex-linked genes and the regulation of sex steroid hormones contribute to resolving this conflict by allowing sex-specific developments. Androgens and their receptor, androgen receptor (Ar), regulate male-biased phenotypes.

Relationship between pulmonary blood flow and volume following lung resection using dynamic perfusion digital radiography.

Background: Surgical intervention for lung resection can cause ventilation-perfusion mismatches and affect gas exchange; however, minimally invasive assessment of blood flow is difficult. This study aimed to evaluate changes in pulmonary blood flow after radical lung cancer surgery using a minimally invasive dynamic digital chest radiography system.

Methods: We evaluated 64 patients who underwent radical lobectomies.

Myostatin expression in lung cancer induces sarcopenia and promotes cancer progression.

Objectives: Many studies have demonstrated that sarcopenia among lung cancer predicts poor prognosis due to cancer progression. However, the cytokines that link sarcopenia and lung cancer progression remain unidentified. This study aimed to investigate whether lung cancer producing myostatin, which induces skeletal muscle atrophy, leads to sarcopenia and promotes cancer progression in patients with resected lung cancer.

Dysregulation of Spliceosomes Complex Induces Retinitis Pigmentosa-Like Characteristics in sf3b4-Depleted Zebrafish.

The SF3B4 gene encodes a highly conserved protein that plays a critical role in mRNA splicing. Mutations in this gene are known to cause Nager syndrome, a rare craniofacial disorder. Although SF3B4 expression is detected in the optic vesicle before it is detected in the limb and somite, the role of SF3B4 in the eye is not well understood.

Evolutionary differentiation of androgen receptor is responsible for sexual characteristic development in a teleost fish.

Teleost fishes exhibit complex sexual characteristics in response to androgens, such as fin enlargement and courtship display. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their evolutionary acquisition remain largely unknown. To address this question, we analyse medaka (Oryzias latipes) mutants deficient in teleost-specific androgen receptor ohnologs (ara and arb).

A comparative analysis of segmentectomy-aswere medicated withinsociated factors influencing bronchial tortuosity in early-stage left upper lung cancer.

Background: Several studies of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have reported a notable therapeutic effect of segmentectomy. However, the secondary benefits of lung volume preservation remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of segmentectomy, in terms of its impact on postoperative bronchial change.

Depletion of tumor-associated macrophages inhibits lung cancer growth and enhances the antitumor effect of cisplatin.

In lung cancer, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), especially M2-like TAMs, represent the main tumor progression components in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, M2-like TAMs may serve as a therapeutic target. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of M2-like TAM depletion in the TME on tumor growth and chemotherapy response in lung cancer.

Mediastinal lymph node evaluation, especially at station 4L, in left upper lobe lung cancer.

Background: Mediastinal lymph node (LN) dissection during lung resection is essential for accurate staging. Station 4L dissection is anatomically difficult. Therefore, care should be taken to avoid complications.

Reliability of dynamic perfusion digital radiography as an alternative to pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy in predicting postoperative lung function and complications.

Background: Accurate perioperative risk assessment can enhance the perioperative management of patients undergoing radical surgery for lung cancer. In this study, we compared the accuracy of predicting perioperative complications by lung function values, estimated by blood flow ratios (BFRs), to determine whether dynamic perfusion digital radiography (DPDR) could substitute for pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy (PPS).

Methods: Patients scheduled for radical surgery for lung cancer who underwent simultaneous dynamic chest radiography (DCR) and lung perfusion scintigraphy were assessed.

Impact of thoracic esophageal displacement after lobectomy on the continuity of oral adjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: Adjuvant tegafur-uracil therapy has prolonged postoperative survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Some patients experience treatment discontinuation due to gastrointestinal disorders such as anorexia, and the associated factors and the impact of lobectomy remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the postoperative esophageal displacement after lobectomy and to clarify its impact on the continuity of tegafur-uracil treatment.

Sarcopenia increases the risk of post-operative recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Sarcopenia is among the most prevalent and serious cancer-related symptom, and is strongly correlated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, it reportedly predicts poor prognosis after surgery in patients with lung cancer. However, it is unclear whether sarcopenia directly affects post-operative recurrence.

A reliable fistula closure technique for refractory pneumothorax unresponsive to pleurodesis.

An 86-year-old man, who had undergone pleurodesis several times for intractable pneumothorax due to severe emphysema was referred to our department in order to treat for recurrent pneumothorax. Computed tomography after chest tube drainage revealed incomplete re-expansion right lung and giant cyst. Because the air leakage continued, we performed surgery.

Anatomical lung resection for left lung cancer after thoracic aortic replacement.

After thoracic aortic replacement, extensive adhesions are expected to develop between the prosthesis and the lung. There have been no definitive reports on anatomical lung resection performed in patients with left lung cancer after thoracic aortic replacement. Herein, we report a series of five such cases.

Locoregional recurrence via mucus-mediated extension following lung resection for mucinous tumors.

Background: Clinically, locoregional recurrences following mucinous tumor resection are often experienced. However, it remains unclear whether mucinous tumors directly affect local recurrence or not, and if so, the mechanism is not known. Therefore, we investigated whether mucinous tumors are associated with locoregional recurrence after pulmonary resection and whether mucus extension is a risk factor for locoregional recurrence.

Does sarcopenia affect postoperative short- and long-term outcomes in patients with lung cancer?-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Lung cancer patients frequently suffer from sarcopenia, and reports on the association of resectable lung cancer and their postoperative outcomes are increasing. Information on whether sarcopenia has any impact on short- and long-term postoperative outcomes in patients surgically treated for non-small cell lung cancer remains insufficient. Furthermore, reports vary regarding the pathological stage, surgical procedure, diagnostic tool of sarcopenia, cut-off value, prognosis, and postoperative complications.

Perioperative changes in respiratory impedance in lobectomy and their clinical impact.

Background: Respiratory function declines after lung resection. However, perioperative changes in respiratory impedance and their clinical significance are unclear. The forced oscillation technique can measure respiratory impedance during quiet breathing and possibly early after surgery.

Dynamic perfusion digital radiography for predicting pulmonary function after lung cancer resection.

Background: Accurate prediction of postoperative pulmonary function is important for ensuring the safety of patients undergoing radical resection for lung cancer. Dynamic perfusion digital radiography is an excellent and easy imaging method for detecting blood flow in the lung compared with the less-convenient conventional lung perfusion scintigraphy. As such, the present study aimed to confirm whether dynamic perfusion digital radiography can be evaluated in comparison with pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy in predicting early postoperative pulmonary function and complications.

Survival and prognostic factors in patients undergoing extended pulmonary metastasectomy.

Extended pulmonary metastasectomy has become feasible in patients with extrapulmonary metastases and multiple or bilateral pulmonary metastases. Even peritoneal dissemination is considered to be curable in modern medicine. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the prognosis of patients undergoing complete pulmonary metastasectomy.

Airway inflammation and lung function recovery after lobectomy in patients with primary lung cancer.

Objective: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), which represents airway inflammation, is an indicator of postoperative complication after lung surgery. However, its effects in the late postoperative period are unknown. The aim of this prospective study was to clarify the impact of FeNO on postoperative lung function in patients with lung cancer.

Impact of fractional exhaled nitric oxide on the outcomes of lung resection surgery: a prospective study.

Background: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), which is representative of airway inflammation, is an indicator of chronic lung disease. However, its effect on the outcome of lung resection is unknown. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate FeNO in patients who underwent lung resection, to analyze the perioperative dynamics, and clarify the impact on postoperative complications.

Right sleeve pneumonectomy for local recurrent lung cancer following right sleeve upper lobectomy with bronchoplasty: a case report.

Background: Salvage surgery has been frequently performed, increasing the opportunity to actively perform surgery for recurrence after a function-preserving operation. However, re-operation after airway reconstruction surgery on the proximal side and the effect of prior treatment, such as radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, make the operation more difficult. In addition, cases of sleeve pneumonectomy after sleeve lobectomy with bronchoplasty are uncommon.