Beliefs regarding COVID-19 vaccinations of young adults in the United Kingdom: An interview study applying the Integrated Change Model.

Introduction: Young adults are considered one of the most hesitant groups towards getting vaccinated in the UK, which threatens the success of the vaccination program in ending the pandemic. Identifying and understanding the socio-cognitive beliefs is important to effectively design and implement health communication interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the underlying beliefs regarding COVID-19 vaccinations among young adults in the UK.

Disentangling interventions to reduce fear of falling in community-dwelling older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention components.

Purpose: Fear of falling (FoF) is a common and debilitating problem for older people. Most multicomponent interventions show only moderate effects. Exploring the effective components may help in the optimization of treatments for FoF.

The most important facilitators and barriers to the use of Health Technology Assessment in Canada: a best-worst scaling approach.

Background: Health Technology Assessment (HTA), which can support public drug reimbursement decisions will play a core function in the planned national Pharmacare program in Canada. To address existing barriers to the use of HTA, these must be ranked in order of priority. The goal of this study was to access the relative importance of known facilitators and barriers to the use of HTA in the context of the Canadian health care system, with attention to differences between regions and stakeholder groups.

Knowledge and perceptions of Alzheimer's disease in three ethnic groups of younger adults in the United Kingdom.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global public health problem with an ageing population. Knowledge is essential to promote early awareness, diagnosis and treatment of AD symptoms. AD knowledge is influenced by many cultural factors including cultural beliefs, attitudes and language barriers.

Most Important Factors for Deciding Rehabilitation Provision for Severe Stroke Survivors Post Hospital Discharge: A Study Protocol for a Best-Worst Scaling Experiment.

Efficient decision-making is crucial to ensure adequate rehabilitation with optimal use of healthcare resources. Establishing the factors associated with making decisions concerning rehabilitation provision is important to guide clinical staff towards person-centred decisions for rehabilitation after severe stroke. In this study we conduct a best-worst scaling (BWS) experiment to identify the most important factors and their relative weight of importance for deciding the type of ongoing rehabilitation services a person with severe stroke might receive post hospital discharge.

Knowledge, socio-cognitive perceptions and the practice of hand hygiene and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of UK university students.

Background: During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing and hand hygiene have been the primary means of reducing transmission in the absence of effective treatments or vaccines, but understanding of their determinants is limited. This study aimed to investigate knowledge and socio-cognitive perceptions, and their associations with such protective behaviours, in UK university students.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of 293 students was undertaken on 13 May 2020.

Combining the Integrated-Change Model with Self-Determination Theory: Application in Physical Activity.

: Critically testing and integrating theoretical models can aid health promotion research and intervention planning. This study aimed to critically compare and integrate Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Integrated-Change Model (ICM) for explaining physical activity behaviour. : A dataset was used with Dutch adults, consisting of information on demographics and socio-cognitive and behavioural determinants.

Effects of the reform of the Dutch healthcare into managed competition: Results of a Delphi study among experts.

Background: In 2006 a major healthcare reform was introduced in the Netherlands, implying managed competition. This study explored the level of consensus on the outcomes and desired changes of this new system, and differences between stakeholder groups.

Methods: A three-round Delphi-study was conducted among Dutch healthcare insurers, health economists, and professionals in general practice (GP) care and mental health (MH) care.

Factors associated with smoking initiation among Saudi male adolescents: A longitudinal study.

Introduction: Knowing country-specific predictors of smoking behaviour for adolescents is crucial for successful smoking prevention programs. This study aims to assess demographic and socio-cognitive variables related to smoking initiation among Saudi male adolescents.

Methods: Longitudinal data were collected at T1 (baseline) and at T2 (followup at 6 months) using a self-administered questionnaire.

Spoken Animated Self-Management Video Messages Aimed at Improving Physical Activity in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Development and Interview Study.

Background: Web-based tailored interventions are a promising approach to help people with type 2 diabetes successfully adopt regular physical activity. Spoken animation seems to be effective regardless of the characteristics of the user and may be a relevant strategy to communicate complex health information.

Objective: The objectives of our study were to evaluate (1) pretesting communication elements and user appreciation, and (2) the applied behavior change techniques of the previously designed spoken animated video messages in a tailored self-management program for people with type 2 diabetes.

Intervention Characteristics Associated With a Reduction in Fear of Falling Among Community-Dwelling Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background And Objectives: Fear of falling (FoF) is associated with decreased physical functioning and an increased fall risk. Interventions generally demonstrate moderate effects and optimized interventions are needed. Intervention characteristics, such as setting or delivery method may vary.

A discrete choice experiment to assess patients' preferences for HIV treatment in the urban population in Colombia.

This study aimed to assess patients' preferences for HIV treatment in an urban Colombian population. A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was conducted. Urban Colombian HIV patients were asked to repetitively choose between two hypothetical treatments that differ in regard to five attributes 'effect on life expectancy', 'effect on physical activity', 'risk of moderate side effects, 'accessibility to clinic' and 'economic cost to access controls'.

A discrete choice experiment to assess patients' preferences for HIV treatment in the rural population in Colombia.

To elicit patients' preferences for HIV treatment of the rural population in Colombia. A discrete choice experiment (DCE), conducted in a HIV clinic in Bogotá, was used to examine the trade-off between five HIV treatment attributes: effect on life expectancy, effect on physical activity, risk of moderate side-effects, accessibility to clinic, and economic costs to access controls. Attributes selection was based on literature review, expert consultation and a focus group with six patients.

Examining the Factor Structure of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in a Multi-Ethnic Working Population in Singapore.

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a widely used measure for assessing sleep impairment. Although it was developed as a unidimensional instrument, there is much debate that it contains multidimensional latent constructs. This study aims to investigate the dimensionality of the underlying factor structure of the PSQI in a multi-ethnic working population in Singapore.

A Multifactorial Approach to Sleep and Its Association with Health-Related Quality of Life in a Multiethnic Asian Working Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

This study aims to explore if objectively and subjectively measured sleep parameters are associated with physical and mental health-related quality of life in a multiethnic working population in Singapore. We performed a cross-sectional analysis with data from 329 full-time employees enrolled in a workplace cohort study in Singapore. The Short-Form 36v2 (SF-36v2) survey was used to assess health-related quality of life, in terms of physical and mental health.

Health Effects of Underground Workspaces cohort: study design and baseline characteristics.

The development of underground workspaces is a strategic effort towards healthy urban growth in cities with ever-increasing land scarcity. Despite the growth in underground workspaces, there is limited information regarding the impact of this environment on workers' health. The Health Effects of Underground Workspaces (HEUW) study is a cohort study that was set up to examine the health effects of working in underground workspaces.

How recommender systems could support and enhance computer-tailored digital health programs: A scoping review.

Objective: Tailored digital health programs can promote positive health-related lifestyle changes and have been shown to be (cost) effective in trials. However, such programs are used suboptimally. New approaches are needed to optimise the use of these programs.

Comparison of statistical analysis methods for object case best-worst scaling.

Different methods have been used to analyze "object case" best-worst scaling (BWS). This study aims to compare the most common statistical analysis methods for object case BWS (i.e.

Cost-effectiveness of alternative smoking cessation scenarios in Spain: results from the EQUIPTMOD.

Aims: To assess the cost-effectiveness of alternative smoking cessation scenarios from the perspective of the Spanish National Health Service (NHS).

Design: We used the European study on Quantifying Utility of Investment in Protection from Tobacco model (EQUIPTMOD), a Markov-based state transition economic model, to estimate the return on investment (ROI) of: (a) the current provision of smoking cessation services (brief physician advice and printed self-helped material + smoking ban and tobacco duty at current levels); and (b) four alternative scenarios to complement the current provision: coverage of proactive telephone calls; nicotine replacement therapy (mono and combo) [prescription nicotine replacement therapy (Rx NRT)]; varenicline (standard duration); or bupropion. A rate of 3% was used to discount life-time costs and benefits.

Estimates of costs for modelling return on investment from smoking cessation interventions.

Background And Aims: Modelling return on investment (ROI) from smoking cessation interventions requires estimates of their costs and benefits. This paper describes a standardized method developed to source both economic costs of tobacco smoking and costs of implementing cessation interventions for a Europe-wide ROI model [European study on Quantifying Utility of Investment in Protection from Tobacco model (EQUIPTMOD)].

Design: Focused search of administrative and published data.

Relevance of barriers and facilitators in the use of health technology assessment in Colombia.

Objectives: Several studies, mostly from developed countries, have identified barriers and facilitators with regard to the uptake of health technology assessment (HTA). This study elicited, using best-worst scaling (BWS), what HTA experts in Colombia consider to be the most important barriers and facilitators in the use of HTA, and makes a comparison to results from the Netherlands.

Methods: Two object case surveys (one for barriers, one for facilitators) were conducted among 18 experts (policymakers, health professionals, PhD students, senior HTA-researchers) from Colombia.

OPTIMIZING USABILITY OF AN ECONOMIC DECISION SUPPORT TOOL: PROTOTYPE OF THE EQUIPT TOOL.

Objectives: Economic decision-support tools can provide valuable information for tobacco control stakeholders, but their usability may impact the adoption of such tools. This study aims to illustrate a mixed-method usability evaluation of an economic decision-support tool for tobacco control, using the EQUIPT ROI tool prototype as a case study.

Methods: A cross-sectional mixed methods design was used, including a heuristic evaluation, a thinking aloud approach, and a questionnaire testing and exploring the usability of the Return of Investment tool.