Variations in the configuration of pulp chambers subjacent to protostylids.

Purpose: This study aimed to clarify the positional relationship between the crown contour and pulp chamber of protostylids using three-dimensional reconstructed images.

Methods: Fourteen molars with protostylids from Japanese subjects were subjected to micro-computed tomography. The external surface configurations of the teeth and pulp chambers were reconstructed.

Structure dependence of intramolecular electron transfer reactions of simple dyads of a zinc(ii) porphyrin complex bearing a peripheral bipyridine moiety.

New dyad systems based on a zinc(ii) porphyrin complex and a 2,2'-bipyridine moiety linked by amide bridges having various bridging groups were synthesized. The photochemical behavior was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and a time-resolved absorption technique. The singlet excited state of the porphyrin complex was found to be partially quenched by Cu in methanol, and a photoinduced electron transfer from the excited state of the porphyrin moiety to the Cu(ii)-bipyridine moiety was observed using a transient absorption technique.

Bioengineering a 3D integumentary organ system from iPS cells using an in vivo transplantation model.

The integumentary organ system is a complex system that plays important roles in waterproofing, cushioning, protecting deeper tissues, excreting waste, and thermoregulation. We developed a novel in vivo transplantation model designated as a clustering-dependent embryoid body transplantation method and generated a bioengineered three-dimensional (3D) integumentary organ system, including appendage organs such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands, from induced pluripotent stem cells. This bioengineered 3D integumentary organ system was fully functional following transplantation into nude mice and could be properly connected to surrounding host tissues, such as the epidermis, arrector pili muscles, and nerve fibers, without tumorigenesis.