Effect of the disulfide isomerase PDIa4 on the antibody production of Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies recognize and bind specific molecules on the surface of target cells, stimulating the immune system, which can attack these targeted cells. These antibodies are produced by mammalian cells, including Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, because the formation of antibodies requires complicated posttranslational modifications, including peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerization, disulfide bond formation, and glycosylation. Currently, it is thought that the efficient production of secretory proteins is limited by posttranslational processes.

Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary Premolars Using Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Comparison with Dental Operating Microscope and Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect internal anatomy of maxillary premolars in comparison with dental operating microscope (DOM) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Background Data: The ability of OCT to observe the pulp horn during cavity preparation and assess the remaining dentin thickness (RDT) has been demonstrated, whereas validation of OCT in comparison with other imaging techniques seems required.

Methods: Ten extracted human maxillary premolars were sectioned perpendicular to the tooth axis from the occlusal surface at approximately 2 mm increments.

Expression patterns of claudins in patients with triple-negative breast cancer are associated with nodal metastasis and worse outcome.

Claudins (CLDNs) are key cell adhesion molecules, which compose tight junctions (TJs), and the disruption of TJs is associated with cancer development. Here we immunohistochemically studied expression patterns of CLDNs in 222 primary invasive breast cancers including 68 triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), and examined their correlation with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) markers, and clinicopathological features including patients' clinical outcome. Tumor margins were classified as three infiltrating growth patterns (expanding, intermediate and infiltrating).

Ability of Cone-beam Computed Tomography to Detect Periapical Lesions That Were Not Detected by Periapical Radiography: A Retrospective Assessment According to Tooth Group.

Introduction: The detection of periapical lesions by periapical radiography (PR) can be hampered by structural noise, the impact of which differs among tooth groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging to detect periapical lesions that could not be detected with PR according to tooth group.

Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated teeth that (1) had previously undergone root canal treatment (178 teeth from 86 patients), (2) had coincidentally been located within the field of view of CBCT scans performed for endodontic reasons, and (3) had also been examined with PR.

Evaluation of coronal leakage and pathway of dye leakage after obturation with various materials for open apical foramina.

The aim of this study was to investigate coronal leakage after obturation with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), resin-based sealer, and silicon-based sealer for open apical foramina and to evaluate pathway of leakage. Twenty-eight maxillary premolars were used, and instrumented to ISO size #80. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Group A filled with MTA, Group B with gutta-percha and resin-based sealer, Group C with polymer-based material and resin-based sealer, and Group D with gutta-percha and silicon-based sealer.

Synthetic studies of the zoanthamine alkaloids: the total syntheses of norzoanthamine and zoanthamine.

The zoanthamine alkaloids, a type of heptacyclic marine alkaloid isolated from colonial zoanthids of the genus Zoanthus sp., have distinctive biological and pharmacological properties in addition to their unique chemical structures with stereochemical complexity. Namely, norzoanthamine (1) can suppress the loss of bone weight and strength in ovariectomized mice and has been expected as a promising candidate for a new type of antiosteoporotic drug, while zoanthamine (2) has exhibited potent inhibitory activity toward phorbol myristate-induced inflammation in addition to powerful analgesic effects.

A regio- and stereoselective alpha-methylation of gamma,delta-epoxy-alpha,beta-unsaturated esters with a Me2Zn-CuCN reagent.

A highly regio- and stereoselective alpha-methylation reaction of gamma,delta-epoxy-alpha,beta-unsaturated esters was achieved by using a Me2Zn-CuCN reagent.