Early detection and stratification of lung cancer aided by a cost-effective assay targeting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation.

Background: Detection of lung cancer at earlier stage can greatly improve patient survival. We aim to develop, validate, and implement a cost-effective ctDNA-methylation-based plasma test to aid lung cancer early detection.

Methods: Case-control studies were designed to select the most relevant markers to lung cancer.

Construction of Covalent Organic Frameworks via a Visible-Light-Activated Photocatalytic Multicomponent Reaction.

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs), as a powerful one-pot combinatorial synthesis tool, have been recently applied to the synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Compared with the thermally driven MCRs, the photocatalytic MCR-based COF synthesis has not yet been investigated. Herein, we first report the construction of COFs by a photocatalytic multicomponent reaction.

utilization of photogenerated hydrogen for hydrogenation reaction over a covalent organic framework.

A fully sp-carbon conjugated COF (Py-FTP-COF) was designed and synthesized, exhibiting excellent hydrogen evolution rate of 5.22 mmol g h. More importantly, hydrogenation of nitroarenes under visible-light irradiation without any additional hydrogen source was successfully accomplished for the first time over COF-based materials.

Rational design of benzodifuran-functionalized donor-acceptor covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water.

A benzodifuran-based donor-acceptor covalent organic framework was synthesized and employed for efficient simulated sunlight-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water, which exhibited a superior and steady hydrogen evolution rate of 1390 μmol g-1 h-1 and an outstanding apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 7.8% was obtained at 420 nm.

Serum proteomic analysis of novel predictive serum proteins for neurological prognosis following cardiac arrest.

Early prognostication of neurological outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest (CA) is vital for clinicians when assessing the survival time of sufferers and formulating appropriate treatment strategies to avoid the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WLST) from patients. However, there is still a lack of sensitive and specific serum biomarkers for early and accurate identification of these patients. Using an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic approach, we discovered 55 differentially expressed proteins, with 39 up-regulated secreted serum proteins and 16 down-regulated secreted serum proteins between three comatose CA survivors with good versus poor neurological recovery.

Isolation and characterization of -pimarane diterpenoids from .

Five new -pimarane diterpenoids 16-nor-2-oxopimar-8(14)-ene-15,19-dial (), 16-nor-2α,19-dihydroxypimar-8-en-15-al (), 3--acetyldarutigenol (), 19-acetylkirenol (), -16-nor-3,15-dihydroxypimar-8(14)-ene () were isolated and characterized from the ethanol extract of . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of C-15 in compounds and was assigned using Snatzke's method.

Biases in Prokaryotic Community Amplicon Sequencing Affected by DNA Extraction Methods in Both Saline and Non-saline Soil.

High-throughput amplicon sequencing technology has been widely used in soil microbiome studies. Here, we estimated the bias of amplicon sequencing data affected by DNA extraction methods in a saline soil, and a non-saline normal soil was used as a control. Compared with the normal soil, several unique points were observed in the saline soil.

Prokaryotic Community Distribution along an Ecological Gradient of Salinity in Surface and Subsurface Saline Soils.

Salinity effects on microbial communities in saline soils is still unclear, and little is known about subsurface soil microbial communities especially in saline or hypersaline ecosystems. Here we presented the survey of the prokaryotic community in saline soils along a salinity gradient (17.3-148.

Isolation and characterization of diterpene glycosides from Siegesbeckia pubescens.

Five new diterpenoid glycosides, siegesides A-E (1-5), along with the known compound darutoside (6) were isolated and characterized from the ethanol extract of Siegesbeckia pubescens. The structural elucidation of the isolates was accomplished by extensive HRESIMS and NMR analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are epimers of 6.

Three triterpenoid saponins acylated with monoterpenic acid from Gymnocladus chinensis.

A new triterpenoid saponin acylated with monoterpenic acid, together with two known triterpenoid saponins, has been isolated from the fruit of Gymnocladus chinensis Baill. Their structures were elucidated as 2β,23-dihydroxy-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-21-O-{(6S)-2-trans-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-[3-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-4-O-((6S)-2-trans-2,6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2,7-octadienoyl)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl]-2,7-octadienoyl}-acacic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1), gymnocladus saponin E (2), and gymnocladus saponin F(2) (3).